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Chapters 3 and 4 A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Control center of the cell that contains most of the DNA | nucleus |
| Slipper-shaped organelles that produce most of the energy (ATP) aka "the power plants of the cells" | mitocondria |
| puts the finishing touches on and packages the protein for export from the cell | golgi apparatus |
| structure that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm | nuclear membrane |
| sandpaper-like structure dotted with ribosomes; concerned with protein synthesis | rough ER |
| long, hairliske projection the external surface of the cell membrane, such as the tail of the sperm | flagellum |
| selectively permeable structure that separates intracellular material from extracellular material | cell membrane |
| short, hairlike projection on the outer surface of the cell | cilia |
| digestive organelles that "clean house" within the cell | lysosomes |
| organelles that help maintain the shape of the cell and assist the cell with movement | microtubules |
| gel-like substance inside the cell but outside the nucleus | cytoplasm |
| organelles that are either bound to the endoplasmic reticulum or are free in the cytoplasm; concerned with protein synthesis | ribosomes |
| type of ER concerned with the synthesis of lipids and steroids; doesn't contian ribosomes | smooth ER |
| rod-shaped structures that play a key role in cellular reproduction | centrioles |
| movement of a solute (particle)[most comonly used transport mechanism} *exp. tea bag in water* | diffusion |
| passive transport mechanism in which gludcose is helped scross the cell membrane by "helper" molecule | facilitated diffusion |
| intake of liquid droplets by the cell membrane; aka "cellular drinking" | pinocytosis |
| a protein-containing vesicle within a cell fuses with the cell membrane and ejects the protein | exocytosis |
| solution that is more concentrated than the inside of the cell; causes shrinking/ crenation of a red blood cell | hypertonic |
| bursting of red blood cells | hemolysis |
| solution that is more dilute than the inside3 of the cell; causes red blood cells to burst | hypotonic |
| solution with the same concentration as the solution to which it is compared | isotonic |
| the process that refers to the specialization of cells | differentiation |
| what are the stages of mitosis | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
| refers to carbon-containing substances | organic |
| a nitrogen-containing waste product | urea |
| building blocks of lipids | fatty acids |
| nondigestible polysaccharide found in plants | cellulose |
| building blocks that are joined together by peptide bonds/ building blocks for protiens | amino acids |
| amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must therefore be obtained though dietary intake | essential amino acids |
| monosaccharide that provides the primary source of energy for the cells | glucose |
| sucrose, maltose, and lactose | disaccharides |
| glucose, fructose, and galactose | monosaccharides |
| stored form of glucose in the body, animal starch, excess is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle, polysaccharide | glycogen |
| amino acids that can be synthesized by the body | nonessential amino acids |
| classification of triglycerides and steroids | lipids |
| chemical reactions that build larger, more complex substances | anabolism |
| chemical reactions that breakdown large substances into smaller substances | catabolism |
| series of aerobic reactions that ccur in the mitochondria | Krebs cycle |
| almost every chemical reaqction in the body is catalyzed by what? | enzyme |
| this series of anaerobic reactions occurs within the cytoplasm | glycolysis |
| double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic code, and confined to the nucleus | DNA |
| substance composed of phosphate, sugar, and a base | nucleotide |
| ribose | sugar found in RNA |
| deoxyribose | sugar found in DNA |
| nucleotide involved in transcription, also copies the genetic code | mRNA |
| nucleotide that carries individual amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes for asembly along the mRNA, involved in translation | tRNA |
| movement of water (water moves particle does not) | osmosis |
| the greater number of solute he higher the _______ ________. | osmotic prssure |
| water and dissolved substances move across the membrane in responce to differences in pressure (pressure pushes substances aross the membrane) | filtration |
| involves intake of food or liquid by the cell membrane | endocytosis |
| What stage of mitosis does this describe:time of growth and metabolism. | interphase |
| what stage of mitosis:chromatin thrads coil and shorten into chromosomes, ea. one has 2 identical parts (chromatids these are joined to form centrioles, and now move to opposite ends of the cellspindle fibers form and the nucleus and membrane dissappear | prophase |
| What stage of mitosis does this describe:chromosomes align themselves along the center of the cell | metaphase |
| What stage of mitosis does this describe:centromere seperate so that each chromatid becomes a chromosome. the 2 sets of chromosmes move to opposite ends. | anaphase |
| What stage of mitosis does this describe:chromosomes uncoil, nucleus and its membrane reappear, cellular division occurs; daughter cells form and start over in interphase | telophase |
| change in cell shape, size, an organiztion; can become cancerous | displasia |
| over growth or increase in the number of cells; results in increased size of organs and tissue | hyperplasia |
| transformation of one cell type to another cell type | metaplasia |
| most importent steroid in the body, found in all cell membranes, secissary in sythesis of vitamin D and the synthesis of sex hormones | cholesterol |
Created by:
mshewmaker