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Imaging Ch.25
Fluoroscopy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of imaging modality is Fluoroscopy? | Dynamic. |
| When and who invented Fluoroscopy? | 1898 - Thomas Edison |
| Fluoroscopy utilizes image intensification to... | Increase visualization of images. |
| What are the 2 types of fluoroscopies? | - Image intensified analog fluoroscopy. - Digital fluoroscopy. |
| Demands of fluoroscopy are... | Illumination. |
| Illumination | The principal advantage of image intensified fluoroscopy is an increased brightness. |
| Illumination sometimes requires. | That the room be dark so that the image can be visualized better. |
| What are 2 human vision structures designed for vision? | Rods and Cones |
| Rods | Sensitive to low light levels. |
| Cones | Sensitive to bright light levels. |
| Fluoroscopic Technique | - Maximum detail is desired. - High image brightness. - High kVp and low mA. |
| Fluoroscopy image brightness is controlled by... | Automatic brightness control (ABC). |
| kVp relates to what? | The body part being examined. |
| mA is around what? | 5. |
| The_______ is the site where accelerated electrons interact and produce visible light. | Output Phosphor. |
| The_______ emits electrons when illuminated by visible light from the input phosphor. | Photocathnode. |
| When light arrives at the retina, it is detected by the _____ and the ______. | Rods And Cones |
| ______ is used for examination of moving internal structures and fluids. | Fluoroscope. |
| Multifield image intensifiers produce different __________ of the image. | Magnifications. |
| A_______ or ________converts the light signal from the output phosphor to an electronic signal | Televison camera tube or CCD |
| The magnitude of the video signal is proportional to the intensity of ? | Light from the output phosphor. |
| The television picture tube is replaced with? | An LED flat panel digital device. |
| Video Monitoring | Uses a rate of 30 frames per sec. |
| The higher the bandpass, the better the? | Horizontal resolution. |
| Multifield Image Intensification is sometimes referred to as... | A"Mag" view. |
| Exposure rates in Fluoroscopy are mandated by federal law of not more than what? | 100 mGyt/min |
| For high-level control exposure rates of what are allowable? | 200 mGyt/min |
| Advantage of Digital Fluoroscopy | -The speed of image acquisition is faster than conventional fluoroscopy. -Post-processing to enhance the image contrast is available. |
| _______________ is limited by pixel size | Spatial Resolution. |
| Advantages of DF over Conventional Fluoroscopy include the ________ of image acquisition and _______________ to enhance image contrast. | Speed; post-processing. |
| During DF, the x-ray tube operates in the _______________________. | Radiographic mode. |
| When the CCD is directly coupled to the image intensifier, the entire CCD signal is sampled and drives the _____________. | ABC system. |
| DF with _______ results in wider dynamic range and better contrast resolution than _____________________. | CCD; conventional fluoroscopy. |
| The _______________ mode of reading the digital signal produces a shaper image with less flicker. | Progressive. |
| _________________ are easier to view and easier to manipulate, and they provide better images. | Flat Panel Monitors. |
| DF | Provides better contrast resolution through post processing of image subtraction. |
| The dynamic range of pixel, the number of pixels and the method of storage: | Determine the speed with the image can be acquired, processed and transferred to an image display device. |
| __________ results in successive subtraction images of contrast-filled vessels. | Mask mode. |
| After the examination, each subtracted image can be __________ for closer examination. | Recalled. |
| _______ produces subtracted images from progressive masks and following frames. | TID Mode. |
| ___________________ is based on the abrupt change in photoelectric absorption at the K edge of contrast media compared with that of soft tissue and bone. | Energy Subtraction. |
| Graphically, this increase is known as the _______________________. | K absorption edge. |
| Background Electronic Noise | A very small electric current always flowing in any circuit. |
| Duty Cycle | The fraction of time that the x-ray tube is energized. |
| Pulse-Progressive Fluoroscopy | Images from DF are obtained by pulsing the x-ray beam. |
| Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) | Accepts the continuously varying signal- the analog signal- and digitizes it. |
| Important characteristics of DF system that are computer controlled include: | -Image matrix size. -System dynamic range. -Image acquisition rate. |
| Image Integration | Improves contrast resolution and increases the patient radiation dose because a greater number of images frames are acquired. |
| Registration | Of the mask, that is, by shifting the mask by one or more pixels os that superimposition of images is again obtained. |
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sassyrad
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