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Genetics unit
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heredity | Heredity is the process by which traits and characteristics are passed down from parents to their offspring. |
| Trait | Traits refer to consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that characterize an individual. |
| Genetics | Genetics is the study of genes and how they are passed down from parents to offspring. |
| Fertilization | Fertilization is the process of the fusion of a sperm and an egg to form a new organism. |
| Purebred | Purebred dogs are those that belong to a specific breed and have parents of the same breed. |
| Gene | The concept of a gene has evolved over time. Initially, it was defined as an abstract unit of inheritance. |
| Allele | An allele is a variant form of a gene. Genes are made up of DNA, and each gene can have different versions called alleles. |
| Dominant allele | A dominant allele is a type of gene variant that is expressed and determines a specific trait, even if there is only one copy of it in an individual's genetic makeup. |
| Recessive allele | A recessive allele is a specific form of a gene that is only expressed when an individual has two copies of that allele. |
| Hybrid | Hybrid refers to a combination of different elements or characteristics. |
| Punnett square | A Punnett square is a diagram used in genetics to predict the possible outcomes of a cross between two individuals. |
| Phenotype | Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, which can include physical features, behaviors, and physiological functions. |
| Genotype | Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, specifically the combination of alleles (different versions of a gene) that an individual inherits from their parents. |
| Homozygous | Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a specific gene. |
| Heterozygous | Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene. |
| Incomplete dominance | Incomplete dominance refers to a pattern of inheritance where neither of the two alleles for a particular gene is completely dominant over the other. |
| Codominance | Codominance refers to a phenomenon in which two different alleles of a gene are expressed equally in a heterozygous individual. |
| Multiple alleles | Multiple alleles refer to the presence of more than two different forms of a gene in a population. |
| Polygenic inheritance | Polygenic inheritance refers to the inheritance of traits that are influenced by multiple genes. |
| Messenger RNA | Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of nucleic acid that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. |
| Transfer RNA | Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. |
| Mutation | Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence that can occur in somatic tissues after fertilization. |
| Sex chromosomes | sex chromosomes are specialized chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. |
| Sex-linked gene | Sex-linked genes are genes that are located on the sex chromosomes (X and Y in mammals, Z and W in birds and some reptiles). |
| Carrier | The term "carrier" can have different meanings depending on the context. In the medical field, a carrier typically refers to an individual who carries a genetic mutation for a particular condition but does not have the disease themselves. |
| Genetic disorder | Genetic disorders are medical conditions caused by mutations or changes in genes. |
| Pedigree | A pedigree is a visual representation of a family's medical and genetic history. |
| Karyotype | A karyotype refers to the arrangement and number of chromosomes in an organism's genome. I |
| Selective breeding | Selective breeding is a process in which certain traits are intentionally chosen and passed on to the next generation of organisms. |
| Inbreeding | Inbreeding refers to the mating or reproduction between individuals who are closely related, such as cousins or siblings |
| Hybridization | Hybridization is a process in which individuals from different species mate and produce offspring. |
| Clone | A clone is an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue, or organism |
| Genetic engineering | Genetic engineering is the use of molecular biology technology to modify DNA sequences in genomes. |
| Gene therepy | Gene therapy is a medical approach that involves introducing genes into the body to treat or prevent diseases. |
| Genome | The human genome is the complete set of genetic information in a human. |
| Ethics | Ethics is the study of principles of right and wrong. |
| Meiosis | Meiosis is a specialized cell division process that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms to produce haploid gametes (sperm and eggs). |
| Crossing Over | Crossing over is a genetic process that occurs during meiosis, specifically in the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs). |
| Zygote | A zygote is the earliest stage of development in human pregnancy. |
| Gametes | Gametes are specialized reproductive cells, such as sperm and eggs, that are involved in sexual reproduction. |
| Protein Synthesis | Protein synthesis is the process by which cells build proteins using the information encoded in DNA. |
| Autosomal Chromosomes | Autosomal chromosomes are the 22 pairs of chromosomes in our cells that are not involved in determining biological sex. |
Created by:
Martrell
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