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Thermal Energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thermal Energy | the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in an object. |
| What does thermal energy depend on? | Depends on the amount of a substance (more of a substance, more thermal energy) |
| Thermal equilibrium | energy is transferred from high to low, until they reach the same point |
| Heat | energy that is transferred between two objects (joules) |
| Temperature | the average amount of kinetic energy in the particles of an object. |
| Kinetic Energy | the amount of kinetic energy is directly related to its temperature. more kinetic energy = more temperature less kinetic energy = less temperature |
| Average Measure | the temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles. Some particles of an object may have more kinetic energy than other particles. Temperature is not determined by the amount of a substance. |
| thermometer | measures the temperature of a substance using mercury or alcohol. |
| temperature scales – Kelvin vs. Celsius | WATER Freezing Point Boiling Point Celsius 0 100 Kelvin 273 373 |
| Heat Transfer | transfer of energy between objects that are a different temperature |
| Conduction | transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another through direct contact. can occur within a substance transfers until all substances have the same temperature. |
| Convection | transfer of the thermal energy by the movement of a liquid or a gas. Warmer gasses or liquids are less dense, and therefore rise. As it rises, it cools, becomes more dense, and sinks. |
| Convection current | circular motion of liquids or gasses |
| Radiation | transfer of energy through matter or space as electromagnetic waves. All objects radiate electromagnetic waves |
| conductors | materials that conduct heat well; metals |
| Insulators | materials that do not conduct heat well; air, wool |
| Specific Heat | the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a material by 1 Kelvin (joules per kilogram-kelvin or J/(kg-K) a material with a high specific heat can absorb a great amount of energy without much temperature change. |
| Energy Change | mass x specific heat x temperature |
| Thermal expansion | increase in volume of a substance due to its increase in temperature. |
| Expansion joints | parts of bridges or roads that allow the road to expand due to changes in temperature |
| Thermostat | bimetallic strip coils and uncoils in response to temperature changes in your house |
| Change of State Graphs | Changes of State – Melting, Freezing, Boiling, Condensing During ACTUAL change of state, temperature does not increase or decrease. The energy is being used to change the arrangement of the particle. |
Created by:
Avii
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