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Chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell division | process in which a cell divides into two new daughter cells |
| asexual reproduction | process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| sexual reproduction | type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism |
| Chromosome | threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next |
| Chromatin | substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones |
| cell cycle | series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells |
| interphase | period of the cell cycle between cell divisions in which the cell grows |
| Mitosis | part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides |
| Cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells |
| Prophate | first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible |
| Chromatid | one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome |
| centromere | region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach |
| Centriole | structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division |
| Metaphase | phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell |
| anaphase | phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell |
| Telophase | phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin |
| Growth factor | one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells |
| Cyclin | one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells |
| Apoptosis | the process of programmed cell death |
| Cancer | disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth |
| Tumor | mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue |
| Embryo | developing stage of a multicellular organism |
| Differentation | process in which cells become specialized in structure and function |
| Stem Cell | unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells |
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ajayieli