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Chapter 11

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Term
Definition
Cell division   process in which a cell divides into two new daughter cells  
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asexual reproduction   process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent  
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sexual reproduction   type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism  
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Chromosome   threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next  
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Chromatin   substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones  
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cell cycle   series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells  
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interphase   period of the cell cycle between cell divisions in which the cell grows  
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Mitosis   part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides  
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Cytokinesis   division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells  
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Prophate   first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible  
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Chromatid   one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome  
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centromere   region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach  
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Centriole   structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division  
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Metaphase   phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell  
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anaphase   phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell  
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Telophase   phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin  
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Growth factor   one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells  
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Cyclin   one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells  
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Apoptosis   the process of programmed cell death  
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Cancer   disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth  
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Tumor   mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue  
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Embryo   developing stage of a multicellular organism  
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Differentation   process in which cells become specialized in structure and function  
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Stem Cell   unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells  
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Created by: ajayieli