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GI Quizzes

GenericBrandClassNormal Adult DoseMOAAdverse reactionContraindicationsBBW
Lansoprazole Prevacid PPI 15-30 mg PO qD Inhibits gastric parietal cell hydrogen-potassium ATPase Long term use: bone loss, nausea, flatulence, upper respiratory infection Increased incidence of OP-related bone fractures, diminished effects of clopidogrel, increased risk of C. Diff N/A
Dexlansoprazole Dexilant PPI Healing: 60 mg PO once daily for up to 8 weeks. Maintenance: 30 mg PO qD Inhibits gastric parietal cell hydrogen-potassium ATPase Long term use: bone loss, nausea, flatulence, upper respiratory infection Increased incidence of OP-related bone fractures, diminished effects of clopidogrel, increased risk of C. Diff N/A
Pantoprazole Protonix PPI 20 mg PO/IV qD Inhibits gastric parietal cell hydrogen-potassium ATPase Long term use: bone loss, diarrhea, HA, abdominal pain, nausea, flatulence, dizziness, vertigo, myalgia N/A N/A
Omeprazole Prilosec PPI 20 mg PO qD Inhibits gastric parietal cell hydrogen-potassium ATPase Long term use: bone loss, diarrhea, HA, abdominal pain, nausea, flatulence, dizziness, rash, upper respiratory infection N/A N/A
Esomeprazole Nexium PPI 20-40 mg PO qD Inhibits gastric parietal cell hydrogen-potassium ATPase Long term use: bone loss, diarrhea, HA, abdominal pain, N/V, flatulence, dizziness N/A N/A
Famotidine Pepcid Histamine blocker (H2) 20-40 mg PO qD Antagonizes H2 histamine receptors Dizziness, HA, taste changes, constipation, diarrhea N/A N/A
Ibuprofen Advil, Motrin IB NSAID Peds: 5-10mg/kg q6-8 hrs. Adult: 300-800 mg TID-QID Inhibits cyclooxygenase, reducing prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis Dyspepsia, nausea, abdominal pain, constipation, HA, drowsiness, photosensitivity, GI bleeds ASA/NSAID induced asthma, pregnancy- 2nd and 3rd trimester, CABG Sx (coronary artery bypass surgery) May increase risk of CV thrombotic events, May increase risk of fatal GI bleeds, ulcerations and proliferations
Meloxicam Mobic NSAID 7.5-15mg PO qD Inhibits cyclooxygenase, reducing prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis Dyspepsia, nausea, abdominal pain, constipation, HA, dizziness, rash, edema, GI bleeds ASA/NSAID induced asthma, pregnancy- 2nd and 3rd trimester May increase risk of CV thrombotic events, May increase risk of fatal GI bleeds, ulcerations and proliferations
Naproxen (EC) Naproxyn, Naprelan NSAID IR/DR: 250-500 mg PO q12hr. ER: 750-1000 mg PO qD Inhibits cyclooxygenase, reducing prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis Dyspepsia, nausea, abdominal pain, constipation, HA, drowsiness, photosensitivity, GI bleeds ASA/NSAID induced asthma, pregnancy- 2nd and 3rd trimester, CABG Sx (coronary artery bypass surgery) May increase risk of CV thrombotic events, May increase risk of fatal GI bleeds, ulcerations and proliferations
Celecoxib Celebrex COX-2 inhibitor, NSAID 100-200 mg PO qD-BID Selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 and reduces prostaglandin synthesis HA, diarrhea, N/V, peripheral edema, photosensitivity, GI bleeds Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, pregnancy after 1 trimester May increase risk of CV thrombotic events, May increase risk of fatal GI bleeds, ulcerations and proliferations
Diclofenac Voltaren (XR), Cambia, Catafiam NSAID DR: 50mg PO BID-TID. ER: 100mg PO qD Inhibits cyclooxygenase, reducing prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis Dyspepsia, vomiting, HA, dizziness, rash, drowsiness, fluid retention, GI bleeds ASA/NSAID induced asthma, pregnancy- 2nd and 3rd trimester May increase risk of CV thrombotic events, May increase risk of fatal GI bleeds, ulcerations and proliferations
Ketorolac Sprix, Toradol NSAID 10 mg PO Q4-6H prn Inhibits cyclooxygenase, reducing prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis GI bleeding, perforation or ulcer, dyspepsia, nausea, abdominal pain, constipation, HA, drowsiness, photosensitivity Major surgery pre-op, ASA/NSAID induced asthma, epidural/intrathecal use, GABG Sx (coronary artery bypass surgery) Up to 5 days treatment and only after parenteral use (Oral only), May increase risk of CV thrombotic events, May increase risk of fatal GI bleeds, ulcerations and proliferations
Apixaban Eliquis Anticoagulant, DOAC 5 mg PO BID Factor Xa inhibitor, inhibiting blood coagulation Bleeding, anemia, nausea Pregnancy, active bleeding, unstable pulmonary embolism Increased risk when stopped early, hematoma risk w/ epidural/spinal puncture
Dabigatran Pradaxa Anticoagulant, direct thrombin inhibitor 150 mg PO BID Inhibits coagulation by preventing thrombin-mediated effects, including cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin monomers, activation of factors V, VIII, XI, and XIII, and inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggrgation Bleeding N/A Increased risk of thrombotic events upon premature discontinuation
Heparin Heparin Anticoagulant Thromboembolism prophylaxis: 5000 units q8-12h SC. Treatment of thromboembolism: 80 units/kg IV push followed by continuous IV infusion of 18 units/kg/hr Potentiates the action of antithrombin III and thereby inactivates thrombin (as well as other coagulation factors IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa, and plasmin) and prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin Bleeding, heparin induced thrombocytopenia Severe thrombocytopenia, uncontrolled active bleeding, history of HIT N/A
Warfarin Coumadin, Jantoven Anticoagulant Individualized dose qD Inhibits vitamin K dependent coagulation factor synthesis Bleeding, abdominal cramps and pain, N/V, diarrhea, fatigue, HA, taste changes, edema Pregnancy, active bleeding, blood dyscrasias, spinal puncture Risk of major or fatal bleeding - monitor closely
Rivaroxaban Xarelto Anticoagulant 10-20 mg PO qD Selectively blocks active site of factor Xa, inhibiting blood coagulation Bleeding, back pain, abdominal pain, pruritis, dizziness Pregnancy, major bleeding, acute pulmonary embolism, prosthetic heart valve Increase thrombotic/stroke risk if DC prior to completion, Hematoma risk w/ spinal puncture
Polyethylene glycol GlycoLax, Miralax Laxative, oxmotic 17 g PO qD Causes water retention in stool Nausea, abdominal distention, cramping, flatulence, diarrhea GI obstruction, known or suspected N/A
Docusate Colace (sodium), Surfak (calcium) Laxative, emollient Sodium: 50-300 mg/d divided qD-BID. Calcium: 240 mg qD Facilities the mixing of stool fats and water Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, bitter taste Fecal impaction, appendicitis, GI obstruction N/A
Loperamide Imodium Antidiarrheal 4 mg PO followed by 2 mg PO after each loose stool (max: 16 mg/day) Acts directly on circular and longitudinal intestinal muscles, through the opioid receptor, to inhibit peristalsis and prolong transit time, reduces fecal volume, increases viscosity and diminishes fluid/electrolyte loss Dizziness, constipation, abdominal cramps, and nausea N/A Abuse potential, Torsade's de pointes and sudden death can happen too
Ondansetron Zofran (ODT) 5HT3 receptor antagonist 4-8 mg PO/IV q8h prn Selectively antagonizes serotonin 5-HT3 receptors Dizziness, HA, diarrhea, constipation, urinary retention, fatigue, agitation Congenital long QT syndrome N/A
Promethazine Phenergan Antihistamine (1st generation), anti-emetic 6.25-25 mg TID-QID prn Antagonizes central and peripheral H1 receptors, also possesses anticholinergic properties resulting in antiemetic and sedative effects Drowsiness, sedation, blurred vision, dizziness, confusion, disorientation, photosensitivity, dermatitis, urinary retention Pt under 2 years old, respiratory depression, comatose patient, SC injection Cx in patients under 2 years old bc of respiratory depression, injection can cause severe tissue damage caution advised
Dicyclomine Bentyl Anticholinergic 20-40 mg PO QID Antagonizes acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, relaxes smooth muscles, inhibits bradykinin and histamine-induced muscle spasms Dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, nervousness, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention Pts under 6 months old, unstable cardiovascular status, glaucoma, ulcerative colitis, obstructive GI dz N/A
Meclizine Antivert, Bonnie Antihistamine (1st generation), anti-emetic 25-100 mg/d in divided doses Suppresses vestibular end-organ receptors and inhibits activation of central cholinergic pathways Dizziness, drowsiness, HA, urinary retention, blurred vision, tachycardia, photosensitivity N/A N/A
Amoxicillin Amoxil, Moxatag Antibiotic, penicillin (beta-lactam) 250-500 mg q8h Inhibits cell wall synthesis N/V, diarrhea, rash Allergy to ANY beta-lactam Antibiotics N/A
Metronidazole Flagyl (ER) Nitroimidazole (1st generation) 500 mg q8h Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis N/V, stomach discomfort, diarrhea, metallic taste, rash, HA, diarrhea 1st trimester pregnancy, alcohol use during or 14 days after use Carcinogenic in mice, avoid unnecessary use
Liraglutide Victoza, Saxenda GLP-1 agonist 1.2-1.8 mg SC qD Activates GLP-1 receptors, increasing insulin secretion, decreasing glucagon secretion, and delaying gastric emptying (incretin mimetic) Hypoglycemia, N/V, diarrhea, HA no IM/IV admin, T1DM, medullary thyroid CA, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 Contraindicated in patients with certain thyroid or endocrine cancers
Sitagliptin Januvia DPP-4 enzyme inhibitor 100 mg PO qD Increases the level of incretin, increases insulin synthesis and release, decreases glucagon levels HA, diarrhea, abdominal pain, arthralgia, pancreatitis risk T1DM, ketoacidosis, HF N/A
Linagliptin Tradjenta DPP-4 enzyme inhibitor 5 mg qD Increases the level of incretin, increases insulin synthesis and release, decreases glucagon levels Hypoglycemia, diarrhea, nasopharyngitis, cough, arthralgia, pancreatitis risk T1DM, ketoacidosis, HF N/A
Phentermine Adipex-P, Lomaira Anti-obesity drugs 15-37.5 mg PO qAM Sympathomimetic amine that also stimulates the hypothalamus to release NE causing a reduction in appetite Primary pulmonary HTN, palpitations, tachycardia, dizziness, tremor, HA, diarrhea, impotence MAO inhibitor use, pregnancy, breastfeeding, CV dz N/A
Propanolol Inderal (LA) Beta-blocker (beta-1 and beta-2) 80-240mg/d PO divided BID-TID or ER dosed qD Non-selectively antagonizes beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors Peripheral edema, fatigue, nausea, palpitations, dizziness, diarrhea, bronchitis, cold extremities, nightmares, agitation Asthma, sinus bradycardia, AV block Do not stop abruptly - taper dose
Carvedilol Coreg (CR) Selective alpha and non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker. Not first line for HTN. 6.25-25 mg PO BID Selectively antagonizes alpha 1 adrenergic receptors & non-selectively antagonizes beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors Dizziness, fatigue, diarrhea, bradycardia, hypotension, nausea, HA, edema, visual disturbance Bradycardia, asthma, sick sinus syndrome, 2nd/3rd degree heart block N/A
Spironolactone Aldactone Diuretic, potassium sparing 25-100 mg/d PO divided qD-BID Competes w/ aldosterone for receptor sites in the distal renal tubules, increasing sodium & H2O excretion while conserving potassium & hydrogen ions Gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, N/V, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, HA, dizziness, confusion Pregnancy, hyperkalemia N/A
Furosemide Lasix Diuretic, loop 40-120 mg PO divided qD-BID Inhibits loop of Henle & PCT sodium/chloride resorption Dizziness, nausea, muscle cramps, hypokalemia, rash, hypomagnesemia Anuria, hepatic coma, electrolyte imbalance In excess amounts can cause profound water and electrolyte depletion
Prednisone Deltasone, Prednone Corticosteroid 5-60 mg PO qD Inhibits multiple inflammatory cytokines, produces multiple glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid effects Hirsutism, weight gain, erythema, abdominal discomfort, rash, N/V, fluid retention, dizziness, anxiety, depression Systemic fungal infection, avoid abrupt withdrawal in high or long term use N/A
Methylprednisolone Medrol Corticosteroid 4-48 mg/d PO divided qD-QID Inhibits multiple inflammatory cytokines, produces multiple glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid effects Hirsutism, weight gain, erythema, abdominal discomfort, rash, N/V, fluid retention, dizziness, anxiety, depression Systemic fungal infection, avoid abrupt withdrawal in high or long term use N/A
Prednisolone Orapred (ODT), Pediapred, etc. Corticosteroid 5-60 mg/d divided qD-QID Inhibits multiple inflammatory cytokines, produces multiple glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid effects Hirsutism, weight gain, erythema, abdominal discomfort, rash, N/V, fluid retention, dizziness, anxiety, depression Systemic fungal infection, avoid abrupt withdrawal in high or long term use N/A
Adalimumab Humira TNF-inhibitor 40 mg SC biweekly Binds and inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha, reducing inflammation and altering immune response HA, rash, nausea, injection site reaction, hyperlipidemia, hematuria, elevation of ALK/CK, arthralgia Active infections Increased risk of serious infections, lymphoma/other malignancies may also occur
Etanercept Enbrel TNF-inhibitor 50 mg SC 1-2 times weekly depending on disease state Binds and inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha, reducing inflammation and altering immune response Skin rash, diarrhea, infection, injection site reaction, respiratory infections N/A Increased risk for serious infections, lymphoma and other cancers reported, active/reactivated TB has occured
Potassium chloride Klor-Con (M), Micro-K Electrolytes 20-25 mEq PO qD Replaces potassium N/V, flatulence, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea Hyperkalemia, delayed GI transit, GI obstruction N/A
Vitamin D Ergocalciferol (D2), Cholecalciferol (D3) Vitamin D 400-2000 units PO qD Stimulates intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption, stimulates bone mineralization Hypercalcemia, nausea, anemia, weakness Hypercalcemia, hypervitaminosis D N/A
Ferrous sulfate Fersol, Fer-in-Sol, Slow FE, Feratab, etc. Iron supplement 150-325 mg qD Source of elemental iron Dyspepsia, N/V, constipation, diarrhea, fecal discoloration (dark) Hemolytic anemia, ulcerative colitis N/A
Folic acid generic only Vitamin B9 1 mg PO qD Participates in DNA synthesis and erythropoiesis Nausea, abdominal pain, flatulence, irritability, rash N/A N/A
Cyanocobalamin Vitamin B-12 Vitamin B12 1000 mcg SC/IV per month Essential component and participant in physiologic systems HA, nausea, anxiety, nervousness N/A N/A
Lubiprostone Amitiza Chloride channel activator Chronic idiopathic constipation: 24 mg PO BID. IBS with constipation in females > 18 yo: 8 mcg PO BID . Opioid induced constipation: 24 mcg PO BID A chloride channel activator that acts locally on the apical membrance of the GI tract to incerase intestinal fluid secretion and improve fecal transit Diarrhea, nausea, HA Syncope, hypotension N/A
Lactulose Constulose, Enulose, Generlac, Kristalose Laxative, ammonium detoxicant 10-20 g PO per day up to 40 g/day for constipation Bacterial degradation of lactulose resulting in an acidic pH inhibits the diffusion of NH3 into the blood by causing the conversion of NH3 to NH4+; also enhances the diffusion of NH3 from the blood into gut where the conversion of NH4+ occurs Abdominal cramps, distention, distress and pain; bloating, diarrhea, flatuence, N/V Low galactose diet, caution with DM, monitor for electrolyte imbalances N/A
Diphenoxylate/Atropine Lomotil Antidiarrheal 5 mg diphenoxylate component QID PO prn (20 mg/day max) Diphenoxylate inhibits excessive GI motility and GI propulsion; commercial preparations contain a subtherepeutic amount of atropine to discourage abuse Flushing, tachycardia, abdominal distress, anorexia, gingival swelling, urinary retention Obstructive jaundice, diarrhea associated with pseudomembranous enterocolitis N/A
Rifaximin Xifaxan Antibiotic, rifamycin Hepatic encephalopathy: 550 mg PO BID. Irritable bowel syndrome: 550 mg PO TID for 14 days. Traveler's diarrhea: 200 mg PO TID for 3 days Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase Peripheral edema, nausea, ascites, dizziness, fatigue Potentially significant interactions may exist, so just monitor the fuck out of it (not sure why this has to be in CI but whatever) N/A
Created by: hmariner1
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