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FSSA: Physical
FSSA Review - Vocabulary from Physical Science (MYP Y3)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| independent variable | the variable that is deliberately manipulated |
| dependent variable | the variable/factor that changes as a result of the manipulation of one or more independent variables |
| hypothesis | a testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation |
| circle graph | shows data as parts of a whole (often in percentages) |
| line graph | represents data by connecting individual data points with straight lines, showing trends and changes over time |
| data table | a way of organizing information in a grid of rows and columns |
| bias | refers to a known or unknown influence in the experimental process; an opinion that favors one point of view |
| repetition | the act of repeating an experiment or observation multiple times to confirm results |
| replication | conducting a new study with similar methods to see if the same results are obtained, thus confirming the reliability and validity of the initial research |
| scientific method | 1. observe 2. form a hypothesis 3. predict 4. experiment 5. analyze 6. conclude Scientists may revisit, reorder, or modify steps as needed. |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| mass | a measure of the amount of matter in an object |
| weight | a measure of the force of gravity on an object |
| volume | the amount of space that an object takes up or occupies |
| density | the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance |
| physical property | a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color or malleability |
| chemical property | a property of matter that describes a substances ability to participate in chemical reactions |
| physical change | a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties |
| chemical change | a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties |
| element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number |
| compound | a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| mixture | a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
| pure substance | a single substance (either a single element or a single compound) that has definite physical and chemical properties |
| wave | a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another |
| medium | the environment through which a wave travels |
| mechanical wave | a wave that requires a medium through which to travel (ex. sound waves, water waves) |
| electromagnetic wave | a wave that does not require a medium through which to travel (ex. ultraviolet waves, gamma rays, microwaves) |
| wavelength | the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs of a wave |
| frequency | the number of waves produced in a given amount of time, such as a second |
| wave speed | the speed at which a wave travels through a medium |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | all of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) |
| transparent | describes matter that allows light to pass through with little interference, appears clear or see-through |
| absorption | the transfer of light energy to particles of matter |
| reflection | the bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface that it does not go through |
| refraction | the bending of a wave as it passes from one medium into another and changes speed, causing it to bend |
| angle of incidence | The angle at which the light hits an object. It is equal to the angle of reflection. |
| plane | flat surface |
| concave | curved surface |
| prism | a transparent object, typically made of glass, that bends light when it passes through it, causing it to separate into different colors |
| visible light | the range of the electromagnetic spectrum visible to the naked eye. White light = all colors combined. |
| vacuum | empty space |
| energy | the ability to do work or cause change |
| energy transformation | takes place when energy changes from one form to another |
| conduction | the transfer of energy as heat through a material |
Created by:
Ms. Wilhjelm
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