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test 3 operant condi
gcsc 10101
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| shaping | Molding responses gradually to a desired pattern |
| successive approximations | breaking target behavior into small parts |
| positive reinforcement | When a response is followed by a reward or other positive event |
| negative reinforcement | When a response is followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus - i.e: shortening jail time |
| primary reinforcement | non-learned and natural that satisfied biological needs - food, water, sex |
| secondary reinforcement | learned reinforcer - money, grades, approval |
| token reinforcement | tangible secondary reinforcer of little value that can be exchanged for something of more value - classroom treasure box |
| fixed ratio | A set number of correct responses must be made to obtain a reinforcer - getting paid based on HOW MANY |
| variable ratio | varied number of correct responses must be made to get a reinforcer. Very resistant to responses - (slots) less predictable, more resistant; fishing |
| fixed interval | The first correct response made after a certain amount of time has elapsed is reinforced ;produces moderate response rates - weekly/monthly paycheck |
| punishment by application | Something unpleasant added to situation to decrease behavior - Spanking, scolding, etc. |
| punishment by removal | Something pleasurable removed after certain behavior - Restriction, time out, privileges revoked |
| observational learning / Modeling | learning by watching others by example - occurs before direct practice - i.e.: how to youtube vids |
| does this encourage behavior? | yes = reinforcement |
| does this discourage behavior? | no = punishment |
| Consequences | effects that follow a response |
| Variable Interval | Reinforcement is given for the first correct response made after a varied amount of time - fishing |
| making punishment effective as possible | should immediately follow behavior - should be consistent - best if paired with reinforcement of the right behavior |
| side effects of punishment | - may cause individual to avoid punisher - maybe encourage lying - may lead to fear and anxiety - hitting provides a model for aggression |
| punisher | any consequence that reduce the frequency of a target behavior - keys: timing, consistency, intensity |
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sofasophia
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