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Unit 1 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The smallest unit capable of life on its own | cell |
| Cells that line the trachea specialize in moving fluids across their surfaces, down the throat. Which organelle would these cells most likely to have in abundance? | cilia |
| Organize the parts below from most basic to most complex according to their levels of organization in a multicellular organism: brain, central nervous system, human being, neurons, nerve tissue | neurons, nerve tissue, brain, central nervous system, human being |
| A pancreatic cell specializes in making enzymes that it releases to the small intestine. Which of the following best describes the path these enzymes take from synthesis to exocytosis? | rough ER, Golgi, cell membrane |
| Inherited traits are passed down from our parents to us, their offspring, by the information that is coded in our parents' | chromosomes |
| The body system responsible for the production and secretion of hormones is the | endocrine system |
| The body system responsible for acting as a barrier to protect the body from infectious agents in the environment is the | integumentary system |
| To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, equal, right and left sides along the | midsagittal plane |
| Which connective tissue specializes in the storage of fat? | adipose tissue |
| Skeletal muscle is composed of very hardworking cells. Which organelles would you expect to find in abundance in a skeletal muscle cell? | mitochondria |
| Type of tissue responsible for body movements | skeletal |
| Type of tissue that line body cavities | epithelial |
| Type of tissue that allows us to respond to stimuli in our external environment | nervous |
| Type of tissue that covers the body's surfaces | epithelial |
| Type of tissue that is the most abundant and widely distributed in the entire human body | connective |
| Type of tissue used for insulation and protection | connective |
| Type of tissue key for communication and control | nervous |
| Type of tissue blood is | connective |
| Type of tissue fat is | connective |
| Type of tissue which has cells lined up side by side and can be simple or stratified and cuboidal, squamous, or columnar | epithelial |
| If a cell failed to go through DNA replication prior to mitosis, what would be the resulting issue with the daughter cells? | each cell would only have half of the DNA they need |
| White blood cells specialize in the engulfment and digestion of harmful substances called pathogens. Which organelle do these cells most likely have in abundance to aid in accomplishing this task? | lysosomes |
| Salivary gland cells often specialize in packaging and secreting digestive enzymes in vesicles. Which organelle do these cells most likely have in abundance to aid in accomplishing this tas? | Golgi |
| Describe the structure of the cell membrane. | phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it |
| Describe the structure of a phospholipid. | Heads are hydrophilic (water loving) and tails are hydrophobic (water filling) |
| What type of molecules pass easily through the cell membrane? | small, nonpolar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| What type of molecules do not easily pass through the cell membrane? | large, polar molecules like glucose |
| What term is used to describe the permeability of the cell membrane? | selectively permeable |
| List the levels of organization within an organisms starting with organism. | organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell |
| What type of cell transport moves small molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide? | diffusion |
| What type of cell transport moves large molecules like glucose? | facilitated diffusion |
| What type of transport occurs when a white blood cell captures bacteria? | endocytosis |
| What type of transport occurs when water moves in and out of a cell? | osmosis |
| What type of transport occurs when solutes move from high to low concentration using a protein molecule? | facilitated diffusion |
| What type of transport occurs when water moves from an area with fewer solute molecules to an area with more solute molecules across a membrane? | osmosis |
| What type of transport occurs when large molecules move from outside a cell to inside a cell when the cell membrane surrounds it and pinches off? | endocytosis |
| What type of transport occurs when solutes move from low to high concentration through a protein using energy? | molecular pump (active transport) |
| When you put a cell in this type of solution it causes it to swell? | hypotonic |
| What type of solution exists when the solutes are at equilibrium in and outside of the cell? | isotonic |
| What type of solution has a low concentration of water (and therefore a higher concentration of solutes)? | hypertonic |
| What type of solution is a test tube of water containing 0.03 molar of glucose, holding a cell whose cytoplasm has a concentration of 0.07 molar glucose? | hypotonic |
| Type of feedback loop where the response opposes the stimulus and the output is a stabilizing response to return the system to a set point | negative feedback system |
| Type of feedback where the output amplifies response and intensifies what happened in the system. | positive feedback system |
| An example of a positive feedback loop | childbirth |
| An example of a negative feedback loop | thermoregulation (body temperature regulation) |
| Another name for the signal in cell communication | ligand |
| In step one of cell communication, the ligand binds to this | receptor |
| What occurs in step 2 of cell communication? | transduction...the signal is transduced throughout the cell |
| What is the final step of cell communication? | a response occurs |
| The receptor is located on the cell membrane and not inside of the cell. What type of receptor protein is this? | membrane receptor |
| Term that means front of the body | anterior or ventral |
| Term that means back of the body | posterior or dorsal |
| Term that means towards the middle | medial |
| Term that means towards the side | lateral |
| Term that means a structure between a more medial and a more lateral structure | intermediate |
| Term that means above | superior |
| Term that means below | inferior |
| Body cavity that includes the thoracic cavity | ventral |
| Body cavity that includes the abdominopelvic cavity | ventral |
| Body cavity that holds the brain and spinal cord | dorsal |
| Body cavity that holds the heart, lungs, and digestive organs | ventral |
| Body cavity that is protected by the bony skull and vertebral column | dorsal |
| Appendicular refers to | arms and legs |
| Term that refers to external structure | superficial |
| Gluteal is a regional term that refers to | buttocks |
| Type of muscle tissue that is branched, involuntary, and found in the heart | cardiac |
| Type of muscle tissue that is ropelike, striated, and voluntary and your biceps, hamstrings and quadriceps are an example | skeletal |
| Type of muscle tissue that is involuntary and found in your stomach and blood vessels | smooth |
| The name for the reactants in an enzyme catalyzed reaction | substrate (hydrogen peroxide is example) |
| The name for the part of the enzyme that the substrate binds to | active site |
| Turning on an enzyme is called | activation |
| Two types of activators | cofactors and coenzymes |
| An example of a cofactor | heme |
| An example of a coenzyme | thiamine |
| Turning off an enzyme | inhibition |
| Two types of inhibitors | competitive and allosteric |
| Type of inhibition where the inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme so the substrate can't | competitive |
| Type of inhibition where the inhibitor binds to the enzyme somewhere other than the active site but causes changes in the shape of the active site or blocks the active site so the substrate can't bind there | allosteric |
| True or false. Coenzymes and cofactors are necessary for life. | True |
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amcompton
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