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UNIT 4 Saving the Mt
Unit 4 Saving the Mountain Lions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Range | the geographical area where a specific species of organism can be naturally found, essentially the distribution of a species across a particular region |
| Dispersal | the movement of organisms, like animals or plant seeds, away from their original location to a new area, usually to find food, mates, or suitable habitat for reproduction, essentially spreading out from their birthplace to establish new populations |
| Mutation | a change in the DNA sequence of an organism, essentially a "mistake" in the genetic code that can occur during cell division and can be either harmful, beneficial, or have no effect on the organism |
| allele | a variation of a gene, or a different version of a genetic sequence |
| Heterozygous | having two different versions of a gene, one inherited from each parent. For example, a pea plant might be heterozygous for seed texture if it has both the alleles "Aa" in its genotype |
| Homozygous | having two identical versions of a gene, one inherited from each parent. For example, a pea plant might be homozygous for seed texture if it has both the alleles "aa" or “AA” in its genotype |
| Microsatellite | a short sequence of DNA that repeats itself multiple times in a row at a specific location on a chromosome, acting like a tiny repeating pattern within the genetic code; often used as genetic markers due to their high variability between individuals |
| Sexual Reproduction | the process where a new organism is created by combining genetic material from two different parents, typically a male and female, resulting in offspring that are genetically unique to both parents |
| Internal Fertilization and development | when a male's sperm fertilizes a female's egg inside her body, meaning the union of the sperm and egg happens within the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse; development of the fetus occurs inside of the mother's body after fertilization |
| Karyotype | a picture of all the chromosomes in a person's cells. It can also refer to the chromosomes themselves |
| Hormone | chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body. They travel from the gland to other parts of the body where they help control how cells and organs do their work. Insulin and leptin are hormones |
| Abnormal | something is different from what is normal, average, or expected. It can describe a state, condition, or behavior. |
| Trait | specific characteristic of an individual. Traits can be determined by genes, environmental factors or by a combination of both. Traits can be qualitative (such as eye color) or quantitative (such as height or blood pressure). |
| Inbreeding | the mating of close relatives in species that are normally outbreeding |
| Differentiation | describes the processes by which immature cells become mature cells with specific functions. |
| Mitosis | a process of cell duplication, in which one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. In the various stages of mitosis, the cell's chromosomes are copied and then distributed equally between the two new nuclei of the daughter cells |
| Environment | the place where organisms live or occupy |
| Geographic Isolation | the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers. This type of isolation can lead to genetic divergence between populations and ultimately the evolution of new species. |
| Variation | the differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors |
| Meiosis | A specialized type of cell division where a single cell divides twice to produce four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, creating sex cells like sperm and egg cells needed for reproduction. |
| Chromosomal Crossover | the process where two homologous chromosomes swap genetic material during meiosis, resulting in new combinations of genes in the offspring, which contributes to genetic diversity |
| Natural Selection | a process where organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those advantageous traits to their offspring, causing populations to change over time. |
| Zygote | the single cell formed when a sperm cell from a male and an egg cell from a female unite during fertilization, marking the first stage of development of a new organism; essentially, it's a fertilized egg |
| Genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism, or the specific combination of alleles inherited from parents. It's a person's unique DNA sequence |
| Phenotype | the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, like eye color, height, or hair color, which are determined by a combination of its genes (genotype) and environmental factors |
| Placenta | a temporary organ that connects a pregnant person's uterus to their developing baby. It provides oxygen and nutrients to the baby, and removes carbon dioxide and waste |
| Gamete | a reproductive cell, or sex cell, that is passed from parent to offspring. In females, the gamete is called an egg or ovum, and in males, it is called sperm |
| Gene Flow | any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another |
Created by:
LFeldmann
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