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ch.20
cardiovasular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aldosterone | a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates the salt and water balance in the body |
| aneurysm | a balloon-like bulge or dilation of an artery due to weakening of the artieral wall |
| Angina | chest pain due to inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart muscle |
| Angiotensin II | a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure |
| Anticoagulant | an agent used to prevent the formation of blood clots |
| Antihyperlipidemics | A diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia |
| Aorta | the great arterial trunk the carries blood from the heart to be distributed to tissues of the body |
| Artery | a vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues of the body |
| Atherosclerosis | process of progressive thickening and hardening of the walls of medium-sized and large arteries as a result of fat deposits on their inner lining |
| Atrium | the entry chamber on both sides of the heart |
| Capillary | an extremely small vessel that connects the ends of the smallest arteries (arterioles) to the smallest veins (venules), where exchange of nutrients, waste products, oxygen (O2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs |
| Cardiac muscle | a type of muscle tissue found only in the heart |
| Cardiac output (CO) | the amount of blood, in liters, the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute |
| Coagulation | solidification or change from from a fluid state to a solid state, as in the formation of a blood clot |
| Coronary artery | either of the two arteries that arise from the aorta (one from the left side and one from the right side) and supply the tissues with the heart itself |
| Diastole | period when the heart is in a state of relaxation and dilation |
| Dysrhythmias | abnormal or irregular heart rhythms |
| Embolus | clump of material, often a blood clot, that travels from one part of the body to the other and obstructs a blood vessel; an embolus can consist of any material, including bacteria and air |
| Endocardium | the thin membrane that lines the interior of the heart; the inner layer of the heart wall |
| Enzyme | a protein that accelerates a reaction by reducing the amount of energy required to initiate the reaction |
| Epicardium | the outer layer of the heart wall; the inner layer of the pericardium |
| Essential hypertension | the most common form of hypertension; it occurs in the absence of any evident cause |
| Fibrates | an antihyperlipidemic drug class that primarily lowers triglycerides |
| Heart Failure (HF) | a heart that cannot keep up with demand; failure of the heart to pump blood with normal efficiency |
| Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFh) | a genetic disorder based on a gene that encodes LDLR. Very high LDL levels within the blood characterize this disorder |
| High-density lipoprotein (HDL) | A blood plasma lipoprotein composed of a high proportion of protein with little triglyceride and cholesterol and associated with a decreased probability of developing atherosclerosis |
| Hyperlipidemia | Also known as hypercholesterolemia-a condition marked by an increase in bloodstream cholesterol that can lead to atherosclerosis, or artery hardening |
| Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) | a lipid (fat) and protein combined molecule. It is associated with an increased probability of developing atherosclerosis |
| Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) | a protein found mainly on liver cells that binds to and removes blood LDL |
| lumen | A channel within a tube (eg, a blood vessel) |
| Myocardium | The middle muscular layer of the heart wall; it consists of cardiac muscle tissue |
| Nicotinic acid | a member of the vitamin B complex; also known as niacin |
| nitrates | a member of the vitamin b complex |
| Orthostatic hypotension | a temporary, often rapid lowering of blood pressure, usually related to standing up suddenly |
| Pericardium | a fluid-filled membrane that surrounds the heart; also called the pericardial sac |
| Peripheral resistance | vascular resistance to the flow of blood in peripheral arterial vessels |
| PCSK9 | an enzyme that binds to and breaks down LDLR |
| Pulmonary artery | one of two vessels formed as terminal branches of the pulmonary trunk; conveys unaerated blood to the lungs |
| Renin | a protein released by the kidney in response to low sodium levels or blood volume |
| secondary hypertension | hypertension that results from an underlying identifiable cause |
| Statin | an informal term for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors referring to the last six letters in the name of each medication name in the class, |
| Stent | a tube inserted into a vessel or passageway to keep it open |
| Stroke | the sudden death of brain cells due to oxygen deprivation when brain blood flow is impaired by blockage (ischemic stroke) or rupture (hemorrhagic stroke) of an artery to the brain |
| Syndrome | a set of conditions that occur together |
| Systole | the period when the heart is contracting; specifically, when the left ventricle of the heart contracts |
| Tachycardiaa | a rapid heart rate, usually defined as greater than 100 beats per minute |
| Thrombin | a blood coagulation enzyme for prothrombin |
| Thrombolytic | a medication used to break up a thrombus or blood clot |
| Thrombosis | the formation or presence of a blood clot in a blood vessel |
| Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | a neurological event in which the signs and symptoms of a stroke appear but resolve within a short time |
| Triglyceride | the major form of body-stored fat consisting of three fatty acid molecules and a molecule of the alcohol glycerol |
| Vasoconstriction | blood vessel narrowing resulting from contraction of the vessel muscular walls |
| Vasodilation | blood vessel widening resulting from muscular vessel wall relaxation |
| vein | a vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to or toward the heart |
| vena cava | one of the two large veins that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper (superior vena cava) and lower (inferior vena cava) parts of the body to the right atrium of the heart |
| ventricle | one of the two lower chambers of the heart` |
| -pril | "Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors |
| -sarton | Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) |
| -olol | Beta-blockers (BBs) |
| -dipinie | Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) |
| -In | Anticoagulants |
| -ide | What is the common ending for the drug classification Diuretics |
Created by:
kkimchihoe_
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