Question 1

Five interactions with Matter:

Accepted Answer

-Coherent Scattering.
-Compton Effect.
-Photoelectric Effect.
-Pair Production.
-Photodisintegration.

Question 2

Coherent Scattering

Accepted Answer

-Low energy x-rays (10 keV).
-Also called classical scattering or Thompson scattering.
-Not usually in the diagnostic range but will cause fog on a radiograph.

Question 3

Coherent Scattering:

Accepted Answer

-Incident x-ray interacts with atom, causing it to become excited and change the original direction of the interaction.
-The x-ray simply changes direction

Question 4

Compton Effect

Accepted Answer

-Moderate energy x-rays.
-Also called Compton scattering.
-May occur in the diagnostic range.
-The incident x-ray interacts with an outer shell electron causing it to be ejected from the atom (ionization).

Question 5

Compton Effect:

Accepted Answer

-The ejected electron is the Compton electron or secondary electron.
-The x-ray continues in a different direction with less energy.
-The energy from the incident x-ray is divided by the scattered x-ray and the Compton electron.

Question 6

The __________ electron may be deflected in any direction including back in the direction that the incident electron came from (backscatter).

Accepted Answer

Compton.

Question 7

Photoelectric Effect

Accepted Answer

-Usually in the moderate to high energy levels.
-Incident x-ray interacts with and ejects an inner shell electron.
-The incident x-ray must have sufficient energy to eject the inner shell electron.

Question 8

Photoelectric Effect:

Accepted Answer

-The ejected electron is called the photoelectron.
-After ejected electron is removed the outer shells then drop and fill in the gap in the inner shell electron.
-Creates characteristic or secondary radiation.

Question 9

Pair Production

Accepted Answer

-Very high energy ranges MeV(out of diagnostic range).
-Incident x-ray passes through all outer shells and comes close enough to interact with the nucleus.

Question 10

Pair Production:

Accepted Answer

-This interaction causes a two charged particles to appear in place of the incident electron.
-One positive (positron) and one negative.

Question 11

Photodisintegration

Accepted Answer

-Uses highest energy range (MeV).
-Incident x-ray interacts directly with the nucleus and raises it to an excited state.
-At the same time a nuclear fragment if given off.

Question 12

Radiopaque

Accepted Answer

Materials which absorb x-ray energy. Appear white on radiographic image.

Question 13

Radiolucent

Accepted Answer

Materials which allow x-rays to pass through without much interaction. Appear grey or dark on the radiographic image.

Question 14

Differential Absorption

Accepted Answer

-The difference between the x-rays absorbed photoelectrically in the patient and those transmitted to the image receptor.
-Is a product of the absorption process or attenuation.

Question 15

Atomic Number

Accepted Answer

The higher the atomic number of the material, the greater the differential absorption.

Question 16

Mass Density

Accepted Answer

Quantity of matter per unit volume.
(How tightly the atoms of a substance are packed).

Question 17

Contrast Administration

Accepted Answer

Contrast has a higher atomic number than the surrounding soft tissue there a greater differential absorption.

Question 18

Contrast Administration

Accepted Answer

Contrast has a higher atomic number than the surrounding soft tissue there a greater differential absorption.

Question 19

Coherent Scattering

Accepted Answer

Is of little importance to diagnostic radiology.

Question 20

Compton Scattering

Accepted Answer

Reduces image contrast.

Question 21

Photoelectric Effect

Accepted Answer

Is total x-ray absorption.

Question 22

The probability of the ___________________ is inversely proportional to the third power of the x-ray energy (1/E)3.

Accepted Answer

Photoelectric effect.

Question 23

The probability of photoelectric effect is directly proportional to the 3rd power of the atomic number of the absorbing material.

Accepted Answer

(Z^3).

Question 24

Pair Production

Accepted Answer

Does not occur during x-ray imaging.

Question 25

Photodisintegration

Accepted Answer

Does not occur in diagnostic imaging.

Question 26

Differential absorption occurs because of __________, ____________ and ___________ transmitted through the patient.

Accepted Answer

Compton scattering, photoelectric effect, and x-rays.

Question 27

Differential Absorption

Accepted Answer

Increases as the kVp is reduced.

Question 28

To image small differences in soft tissue, one must use _______________ to get maximum differential absorption.

Accepted Answer

Low kVp.

Question 29

The interaction of x-rays with __________ is proportional to the mass density of the ___________ regardless of the type of interaction.

Accepted Answer

Tissue.

Question 30

Attenuation

Accepted Answer

Is the product of absorption and scattering.

Question 31

Latent Image

Accepted Answer

Image on the receptor before it is processed.

Question 32

Which are of particular importance to diagnostic radiology?

Accepted Answer

Compton Scattering & Photoelectric Effect.

Question 33

Backscatter Radiation

Accepted Answer

X-rays scattered back in the direction of the incident x-ray beam.

Question 34

Photoelectron

Accepted Answer

The electron removed from the atom.

Question 35

Annihilation Radiation

Accepted Answer

The positron unites with a free electron and the mass of both particles is converted to energy.

Question 36

Monoenergetic

Accepted Answer

A beam containing x-rays that all have the same energy.

Question 37

Polyenergetic

Accepted Answer

Are emitted over an entire spectrum of energies.

Imaging Ch.10

X-ray Interaction with Matter

Question	Answer
Five interactions with Matter:	-Coherent Scattering. -Compton Effect. -Photoelectric Effect. -Pair Production. -Photodisintegration.
Coherent Scattering	-Low energy x-rays (10 keV). -Also called classical scattering or Thompson scattering. -Not usually in the diagnostic range but will cause fog on a radiograph.
Coherent Scattering:	-Incident x-ray interacts with atom, causing it to become excited and change the original direction of the interaction. -The x-ray simply changes direction
Compton Effect	-Moderate energy x-rays. -Also called Compton scattering. -May occur in the diagnostic range. -The incident x-ray interacts with an outer shell electron causing it to be ejected from the atom (ionization).
Compton Effect:	-The ejected electron is the Compton electron or secondary electron. -The x-ray continues in a different direction with less energy. -The energy from the incident x-ray is divided by the scattered x-ray and the Compton electron.
The __________ electron may be deflected in any direction including back in the direction that the incident electron came from (backscatter).	Compton.
Photoelectric Effect	-Usually in the moderate to high energy levels. -Incident x-ray interacts with and ejects an inner shell electron. -The incident x-ray must have sufficient energy to eject the inner shell electron.
Photoelectric Effect:	-The ejected electron is called the photoelectron. -After ejected electron is removed the outer shells then drop and fill in the gap in the inner shell electron. -Creates characteristic or secondary radiation.
Pair Production	-Very high energy ranges MeV(out of diagnostic range). -Incident x-ray passes through all outer shells and comes close enough to interact with the nucleus.
Pair Production:	-This interaction causes a two charged particles to appear in place of the incident electron. -One positive (positron) and one negative.
Photodisintegration	-Uses highest energy range (MeV). -Incident x-ray interacts directly with the nucleus and raises it to an excited state. -At the same time a nuclear fragment if given off.
Radiopaque	Materials which absorb x-ray energy. Appear white on radiographic image.
Radiolucent	Materials which allow x-rays to pass through without much interaction. Appear grey or dark on the radiographic image.
Differential Absorption	-The difference between the x-rays absorbed photoelectrically in the patient and those transmitted to the image receptor. -Is a product of the absorption process or attenuation.
Atomic Number	The higher the atomic number of the material, the greater the differential absorption.
Mass Density	Quantity of matter per unit volume. (How tightly the atoms of a substance are packed).
Contrast Administration	Contrast has a higher atomic number than the surrounding soft tissue there a greater differential absorption.
Contrast Administration	Contrast has a higher atomic number than the surrounding soft tissue there a greater differential absorption.
Coherent Scattering	Is of little importance to diagnostic radiology.
Compton Scattering	Reduces image contrast.
Photoelectric Effect	Is total x-ray absorption.
The probability of the ___________________ is inversely proportional to the third power of the x-ray energy (1/E)3.	Photoelectric effect.
The probability of photoelectric effect is directly proportional to the 3rd power of the atomic number of the absorbing material.	(Z^3).
Pair Production	Does not occur during x-ray imaging.
Photodisintegration	Does not occur in diagnostic imaging.
Differential absorption occurs because of __________, ____________ and ___________ transmitted through the patient.	Compton scattering, photoelectric effect, and x-rays.
Differential Absorption	Increases as the kVp is reduced.
To image small differences in soft tissue, one must use _______________ to get maximum differential absorption.	Low kVp.
The interaction of x-rays with __________ is proportional to the mass density of the ___________ regardless of the type of interaction.	Tissue.
Attenuation	Is the product of absorption and scattering.
Latent Image	Image on the receptor before it is processed.
Which are of particular importance to diagnostic radiology?	Compton Scattering & Photoelectric Effect.
Backscatter Radiation	X-rays scattered back in the direction of the incident x-ray beam.
Photoelectron	The electron removed from the atom.
Annihilation Radiation	The positron unites with a free electron and the mass of both particles is converted to energy.
Monoenergetic	A beam containing x-rays that all have the same energy.
Polyenergetic	Are emitted over an entire spectrum of energies.

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