Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
forensic mdterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the STAIR method of investigation | Stimulation(breakdown infor),Task(first steps),Analysis(best approach), investigations(approach the scene), results(gathering perceiving evidence) |
| What are abductive reasoning and confirmation bias and what role do they play in the investigation process? | Hypothesis testing, hypothesis generation is biased |
| Discuss the motivational factors involved. | Conflicted roles(having multiple roles), emotion(anger leads to poor judgement), group membership(us vs them mentality), commitment(commit to previous actions) |
| What is the coherence effect? | bias where people tend to form internally consistent beliefs by exaggerating the strengths of supporting information and downplaying conflicting evidence , View evidence as a whole |
| Describe the mechanisms of biased reasoning. | Framing questions to confirm beliefs, only exposure to info that confirms hypothesis, only test/scrutinize info that goes against beliefs, biased view of the evidence, stopping once theres enough confirming evidence |
| What reforms should take place to improve the investigation process? | Debiasing, functional separation, restructuring, transparency |
| What are the various types of profiling? What are their limitations? | Criminal Profiling – Identifies characteristics of an offender based on the crime scene and behavior.Psychological Profiling – Focuses on the psychological state and traits of a suspect based on their behavior or personality. |
| What are the various types of profiling? What are their limitations? | Geographic Profiling – Uses location data of crimes to predict where an offender may live or work.Suspect-Based Profiling – Focuses on the characteristics of known offenders (e.g., age, race) to predict future crimes. |
| What are the various types of profiling? What are their limitations? | Behavioral Profiling – Examines patterns of behavior (e.g., in terrorism or criminal acts) to predict future actions |
| What are the arguments against criminal profiling? | Many assumptions have not been tested, crime scenes from the same killer might look different, behavior are the result of personality and situation, profile., characteristics are vague may apply to many ppl, tunnel vision for investigations |
| What are the misconceptions concerning profiling | Profilers predict personality, ptofilers solve crimes, profilers is an established scientific enterprise |
| What are the realities concerning profiling? | Questionable reliability & validity behavioral patterns are helpful, rarely solve crimes, need reliability & validity |
| What are the different characteristics/types of serial killers? | Visionary voices tell them to kill, mission-oriented kill ppl who they see evil/unworthy, hedonistic: kill for the thrill(sexual pleasure in killing) power oriented: satisfaction from capturing & controlling victim |
| What are psychological autopsies? What are the limitations? | Specialized procedure intended to provide insight into the mental state of a deceased person at the time of their death |
| How have researchers shown that memories can be altered by misinformation and suggestion? | Research shows memory can be altered through suggestive questioning and false information, as demonstrated in studies by Loftus and Palmer. |
| What factors help or harm eyewitness memory? What type of reforms can be made to prevent innocent people from going to prison? | Stress, weapon focus, own-race bias, suggestive questioning. |
| What type of reforms can be made to prevent innocent people from going to prison? | Reforms: Improved lineup procedures, better police training, corroborative evidence |
| What are system variables? | Controlled by legal system (e.g., lineup procedures). |
| Estimator variables | Inherent to the crime scene (e.g., lighting, stress |
| What is the post-identification feedback effect? | Witness confidence can be falsely inflated by confirming feedback. |
| What are double-blind lineups, | both the witness and the officer administering the lineup do not know who the actual suspect is |
| unbiased instructions, | Before viewing the lineup, witnesses are given instructions that help prevent false identifications |
| sequential | In a sequential lineup, witnesses are shown individuals one at a time, rather than all at once |
| simultaneous lineups? | all lineup members (fillers and the suspect) are presented at the same time. |
| Some other influences on eyewitness memory: | cross-racial identifications/own-race bias, weapon focus, emotion/stress |
| What is memory repression? | The controversial theory that traumatic memories can be buried in the subconscious. |
| How can guided imagery, self-help books, and hypnosis lead to false recovered memories? | by encouraging vivid mental visualization, suggestive questioning, and heightened imagination, making it harder to distinguish real memories from imagined ones. |
| What is the relationship between reported recovered memories and performance on the DRM? | People who report recovered memories are more prone to false memories in the DRM task, suggesting increased memory distortion and susceptibility to suggestion. |
| Explain the various components of the Cognitive Interview and how they improve recall. | Rapport building, free recall(report everything), eye closure(increase concentration, crude recall + follow up questions(use their laguage), |
| Explain the various components of the Cognitive Interview and how they improve recall. | recall in reverse order(may recall details they missed earlier, draw the scene (mental contex reinstatement), review the witness description |
| How are children typically interviewed? | Use of simple language, non-leading questions, and rapport-building techniques. |
| What interviewing practices led to the allegations against Kelly Michaels? | Closed ended questions were asked to the children |
| Why do police prefer confessions? | Seen as the strongest form of evidence, reduces casework, and increases conviction rates. |
| How do confessions influence jury decisions? | Juries see confessions as strong evidence of guilt, even if coerced. They often ignore external pressures and are more likely to convict when a confession is present. |
| How have interrogation techniques changed over the years? | Shift from physical coercion to psychological tactics. |
| Why do suspects waive their Miranda rights? | because they believe it will help them avoid trouble, they feel pressured, or they think they can talk their way out of the situation |
| Describe the Reid technique. What psychological strategies does it use? | Uses psychological manipulation, minimization, and maximization strategies to elicit confessions. |
| What is the information gathering approach to interrogations? | Non-coercive, rapport-based technique emphasizing open-ended questioning. |
| Describe the four types of false confessions. | Voluntary, coerced-compliant, coerced-internalized, and persuaded false confessions. |
| Can interrogators lie in the U.S.? How about elsewhere? | interrogators can lie during questioning, as long as the lies do not coerce a confession. |
| How can false confessions be prevented? | Recording interrogations – Ensures transparency and helps identify coercion. Limiting interrogation time – Prevents fatigue and undue pressure on the suspect. Avoiding deceptive tactics – Reduces the risk of suspects feeling forced to confess. |
| How can false confessions be prevented? | Providing legal representation – Ensures suspects have a lawyer to protect their rights. Using proper questioning techniques – Prevents leading or suggestive questions that could influence confessions. |
Created by:
as12
Popular Psychology sets