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Pharmacuetics 4
exam 1 material
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| B what is the primary difference b/w ER and CR (extended release and controlled release) | ER releases drug over an extended |
| PE if pt is lactose intolerant what dosage form should be avoided a) tablets/capsules b) creams/ointments c) solutions/suspentions d) injections | tablets/capsules |
| PE A person who is afraid of needles needs medication for quick relief. Which type of dosage form would be the best choice? injections oral tablets oral solutions oral suspension | oral solutions have next highest bioavailability. can't use injections because of the compliance issues. |
| Which term describes separation of coating from the tablet core? picking mottling cracking peeling | peeling- too much moisture in the environment |
| what best describes mottling | spotted ununiform coloring |
| A formulation scientist aims to improve the bioavailability of a low-solubility, high-permeability drug. What is its BCS class? class 1 class 2 class 3 class 4 | class 2 |
| Which tablet manufacturing process is most suitable when the powder blend has adequate compressibility but needs flow improvement? | Dry granulation |
| What happens to tablet properties as compression force increases? | hardness and density increase while dissolution rate decreases. |
| What is the significance of sink conditions in dissolution testing? | Drug concentration should not exceed 10-15% of saturated concentration |
| Which of the following is a key consideration in wet granulation that affects granule density color of binder temperature of room size of granulator the method of binder addition | the method of binder addition |
| What is the most common type of tablet coating? sugar film enteric | film coating- improve shelf life protect from moisture |
| What happens to tablet properties as tablet press speed increases? | hardness and dwell time both decrease |
| which class of drug prevents the greatest challenge for oral development and why | class 4 because they exhibit low solubility and low permeability |
| what is the maximum acceptable weight loss in the friability test for the most tablet products? | 0.5-1% |
| What are some disadvantages of tablets? | Impractical extemporaneously, some drugs resist compression, reduced bioavailability compared with IV some drugs resist compression |
| Types of tablets | Oral (buccal, sublingual, ODT) Release characteristic (IR, CR, ER, SR, DR) Coated |
| What are the two types of method of manufacturing | compressed/multicompressed or molded/triturates |
| What are the oral route of administration of tablet examples (3) | buccal, sublingual, Oral dispensing tablets ODTs |
| PE Which tablet formulation dissolves quickly and provides the fastest onset of action? buccal sublingual chewable sublingual and buccal dissolve similarly | sublingual |
| sublingual and buccal dissolve similarly T/F why? | False because sublingual should rapidly dissolve and buccal should slowly dissolve |
| PE Nitroglycerin is available as oral and sublingual tablets. A heart attack patient has chest pain. Which route provides quick relief? a) oral b)sublingual | sublingual |
| ODT RDT used for what population? | pediatric or geriatric |
| ODT is what | orally disintegrating tablet |
| RDT is what | Rapidly disintegrating tablets |
| PE A 4-year-old with a headache and difficulty swallowing visits your pharmacy. Which tablet type is best? a) oral tablet b) sublingual c) gummy bears d) chewable tablets e) buccal tablet | d) chewable tablet |
| What age do we start sublingual route | pt needs to be greater than 5 years old |
| PE Chewable and orally disintegrating tablets help those with swallowing difficulties. For rapid action, what would you choose? a) chewable tablets b) orally disintegrating tablets | b) orally disintegratign tablets |
| PE You added a tablet to water. It broke down into small particles, forming a homogenous suspension without bubbles. What kind of tablet was this? a) dispersible tab b) effervescent tab c)rapidly disintegrating tab d)orally disintegrating tab | Dispersible tablets |
| PE Which of the following tablet will have a quick "onset of action"? a) IR b) CR c) SR d) DR | IR Immediate release |
| what does onset of action means | happens at onset of action when the tablet starts working |
| PE Which of the following tablet will have a slow "onset of action"? a) IR b) CR c) SR d) DR | DR Delayed Release |
| Which of the following tablet will have a prolonged "duration of action"? a)IM b)SR c) DR | SR Sustained release |
| why would we use gelatin for a coating material? | easy-to-swallow MAIN, aesthetically pretty, and smaller than capsules. |
| Why use coated gelatin rather than a gelatin capsule? | tablets are cheaper and 1/3 the size of capsules |
| PE What is the main advantage of enteric coating on these tablets? a) taste and palatability b) preventing breaking shipping c) aesthetic d) allows delayed release | Allowed Delayed release |
| PE A formulation scientist omitted an excipient, making tablets too hard to disintegrate. The missing excipient is: a) lubricant b) disintegrant c) diluent d) Glidant | Disintegrant |
| A formulation scientist omitted an excipient, causing tablets to crumble during packaging and shipping. The missing excipient is disintegrant binder glidant diluent | Binder |
| Your tablet blend has poor flow and compactibility, making production difficult. Which manufacturing method would you choose? direct compression dry granulation wet granulation | wet granulation |
| A formulation scientist lowers compression force to adjust hardness. What problem might arise? a)increased friability b)reduced disintegration c)decreased thickness | we will have soft tablets, so they disintegrate fast and we will see thicker softer friable (easy crumble) tablets |
| Which of the following is a method of particle size analysis is best suited for the analysis of particles intended to be used in inhalation products? Sedimentation Cascade Impaction Sieve Analysis Laser Light Scattering | Cascade Impaction |
| ___________ involve the mixing of a fine, micronized particles form with larger carrier particles. segregation random mixing ordered mixing | ordered mixing |
| How would you characterize the flow of a powder blend that has a calculated angle of repose of 43°? poor passable excellent | passable |
| How would you characterize the flow of a powder blend that has a calculated angle of repose of 26°? passable extremely poor excellent | excellent |
| what is an excellent angle of repose? | 25-10 degrees |
| what is an excellent Carr's CI%? | less than or equal to 10 |
| What is an excellent hausner ratio? | 1.0-1.11 |
| How would you characterize the flow of a powder blend that has a calculated angle of repose of 68°? extremely poor excellent or passable | extremely poor |
| Which term describes reduction of particle size by the addition of a solvent that is easily removed? Spatulation Pulverization Levigation Trituration | Pulverization |
| Which term describes the reduction of particle size by the continued rubbing of a solid in a liquid in which it is insoluble? Spatulation Pulverization Levigation Trituration | Levigation |
| Which term describes the continued rubbing of a solid in a mortar with a pestle to reduce particle size? Spatulation Pulverization Levigation Trituration | Trituration |
| Which process is a blending technique as well as a method of particle size reduction? Spatulation Pulverization Levigation Trituration | Trituration |
| Which term describes mixing of powders on an ointment slab or pad that results in minimal particle size reduction Spatulation Pulverization Levigation Trituration | Spatulation |
| Which process is a blending process that is helpful to ensure that small quantities of drug are uniformly distributed throughout a powder blend? | Geometric Dilution |
| Which term describes a mixture of certain components that have a melting point less than room temperature so they liquefy when in close and prolonged contact? | Eutectic |
| Which term describes substances that become powdery and liberate their water of hydration when they are manipulated or stored under conditions of low relative humidity? | Efflorescent |
| Which term describes substances that absorb moisture from the air to the extent that they liquefy? | Deliquescent |
| Which of the following is a non-destructive method of particle size analysis that determines particle size by weight? | sieve analysis |
| Which of the following is a method that determines particle size based on the reduction in light reaching a sensor as a result of light being reflected, refracted, diffracted, or absorbed by particles? | laser light scattering |
| Which of the following is a method of particle size analysis based on Stokes' diameter? | sedimentation |
| Which of the following is a method of particle size analysis is best suited for the analysis of particles intended to be used in inhalation products? | Cascade impaction |
| Which of the following statements regarding particle size is/are true? (Select all that apply) Dissolution rate decreases as particle size is decreased. Dissolution rate increases as particle size is decreased. Surface area decreases as particle size is decreased. Surface area increases as particle size is decreased. | Dissolution rate increases as particle size is decreased. Surface area increases as particle size is decreased. |
| What is the angle of repose of a powder that forms a cone that is 14 cm high and had a 21 cm diameter when poured from a funnel of a fixed height? Provide your final answer rounded to the nearest tenth (one decimal place). | 53.1 |
| A graduated cylinder containing 54 mL of a powder blend that weighed 49 g was tapped until a final volume of 39 mL was obtained. What is the Carr’s Compressibility Index (%) of the powder blend? Round to the nearest tenth (one decimal place). | 27.8 |
| What information is gained from friabity testing of compressed tablets? chemical stability thus shelf-life of the tablets how fast the drug will be released from the dosage form in vivo uniformity of dose in the tablets how tablets can stand up to packaging and shipping | How tablets can stand up to packaging and shipping |
| What test checks for measure of tendency of tablet to crumble? | Friability |
| What test checks for how fast the drug will be released from the dosage form in vivo? | dissolution testing |
| What test evaluates the force required to crush a tablet diametrically? | Hardness/crushing strength |
| Which term best describes an excipient that is added to a tablet formulation to add the necessary bulk to a formulation to prepare tablets of the desired size? | Diluent |
| What is needed for dissolution testing? and how is dissolution testing impacted? | sink conditions, impacted by milling granulation, and compression factors |
| A graduated cylinder containing 51 mL of a powder blend that weighed 49 g was tapped until a final volume of 38 mL was obtained. What is the Carr’s Compressibility Index (%) of the powder blend? Round to the nearest tenth (one decimal place). | 25.5 |
| What is the angle of repose of a powder that forms a cone that is 16 cm high and had a 15 cm diameter when poured from a funnel of a fixed height? Provide your final answer rounded to the nearest tenth (one decimal place). | 64.9 |
| Which term describes tablets that are designed to dissolve promptly beneath the tongue and provide rapid drug effects? | Sublingual tablets |
| Which tablet type would be the best option to separate two different medicinal agents for reasons of chemical or physical incompatibility? | Multi compressed tablets |
| Which method of tablet manufacture would be most suitable to prepare tablets with an active that exhibits good flow and compressibility? | Direct compression |
| Which method of tablet manufacture would be most suitable to prepare tablets with an active that exhibits poor flow and adequate compressibility? | Dry granulation |
| Which method of evaluation provides the most information about the consistency of the capsules? | weight variation |
| Which method of evaluation provides the most information about the break-up of the capsules? | disintegration testing |
| Which method of evaluation provides the most information about the release of the capsule's content? | dissolution testing |
| Which excipient is added to a capsule formulation to help produce powder fill volume? | diluent |
| Which excipient is added to a capsule formulation to to facilitate wetting by the gastrointestinal fluids? | surface active agent |
| Which excipient is added to a capsule formulation to enhance flow properties? | lubricant |
Created by:
Gracefromthepark
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