Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
micro/immuno E1
bacteria, viruses, and fungus
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The term used for when proteins on a virus bind to a receptor on a target cell | adsorption |
| Fungi Cell walls | DO NOT have peptidoglycan |
| bacteria, plants, and chitin cell walls are | peptidoglycan, cellulose, chitin |
| fungal cell walls are made of | chitin KITE-in |
| what polymer is in fungi cell walls | acetylglucosamine B1-4 linkage |
| The B glucans provide cell rigidity and shape also part of the cell wall | yes |
| fungal membrane contains ergosterol rather than | cholesterol found in mammalian cells |
| some types of fungal growth | filamentous fungi- like mold mass of threads/hyphae called a mycelium yeast like or both |
| fungal grow slower than bacteria and why is this important | we have to wait for them to grow for treatment |
| the mold mass of filamentous fungi have threads hyphae called | mycelium |
| yeast like fungi | single unconnected cells, can grow pseudo hyphae. They reproduce by "budding" |
| dimorphic fungi | can grow in a mold in one environment and like yeast in another very versatile |
| reproducing by budding is done by what kind of fungi | |
| PE what polymer makes up the fungal cell wall a) peptidoglycan b) ergosterol c)glycoprotein d)chitin | chitin |
| why is the type of fungal growth important | identification of the organisms for treatment |
| what is sporulation | is the principle means by which fungi reproduce |
| spores are | resistant and can go airborne |
| asexual sporulation happens by what | conidia are formed by mitosis in or on specialized hyphae called conidiophores |
| asexual sporulation is the major source of fungal infection because they can go | airborne |
| what is ascospores formed by meiosis | sexual reproduction |
| sexual repro vs asexual reproduction of fungus | sexual(ascospores formed by meiosis) asexual (conidia are formed by mitosis using conidiophores) |
| Cutaneous mycoses are usually mild what are some examples | athletes foot- tinea pedis ringworm- tinea corporis scalp ringworm- tinea cruris jock itch- tinea cruris nail fungus- tinea unguium |
| subcutaneous mycoses are more serious they are infections | of the dermis, SQ and bone caused by soil and vegetation typically occur from laceration or puncture wound |
| PE These structures are formed by asexual sporulation a) ascospores b) conidiophores | conidiophores |
| what an example of subcutaneous mycoses infection | rose gardeners disease |
| where do systemic mycoses usually beg | usually start in lungs |
| systemic mycoses are extremely dangerous because they cause disease in what type of host and how do they grow? | grow yeast like and commonly infect immunocompromised hosts |
| systemic mycoses fungus are dimorphic what does that mean | exhibit the mycelium form in culture and yeast form in tissue They are double hitters not good |
| what can lead to dissemination | immunomodulating drugs like anti-TNF treatments |
| Anti-TNF treatments (chemo and transplant) can put them at risk for what? | disseminating fungal infections |
| opportunistic mycoses cause disease if the patient | is immunocompromised or has had severe trauma |
| opportunistic mycoses are a source of many | nosocomial infections |
| nosocomial infections are also called | hospital acquired fungal infections |
| PE systemic sycoses have this type of growth a) yeast b) dimorphic c) mycelium d)sporulation | Dimorphic |
| What are some challenges in treating fungal infections | resistance to antifungals toxicity to antifungals (why? they are like us) Fungal are eukaryotes identification of fungi (bc slow growing) |
| What are commonly used antifungals (there are three classes) | Polyenes Azoles Echinochandins |
| Polyenes bind to what to inhibit | ergosterol which is necessary for membrane function |
| What are some examples of polyenes | nystatin and amphotericin B |
| Azoles inhibit | inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis |
| What are some examples of azoles | fluconaszole and ketoconazole (oral toxicity issues) |
| What species of yeasts are part of normal human skin flora a) mucor sp b) candia sp c0 dimorphic fungi d) aspergillus | candida- True yeast common in vaginal environment |
| what type of growth is mycelial | fuzzy |
| dimorphic growth | fuzzy outside to spread but is yeast in the tissues |
| echinocandins inhibit what | 1,3 B glucan synthesis which is a component of the cell wall |
| what is an example for echinochandins | micafungin |
| what is the correct size sequence of microorganisms | parasites>bacteria>viruses |
| Infectious diseases are a leading cause of _______ | death |
| Prokaryotic cells traits | are usually single chromosomes and circular no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles |
| What ribosomes do prokaryotic cells contain? | 70S |
| What type of cells have peptidoglycan? | prokaryotic cells |
| Eukaryotic cells traits | have multiple chromosomes, membrane bound organelles, nucleus, an have sterols plasma membrane |
| What ribosomes do eukaryotic cells contain? | 80S, 70S in organelles |
| Size of prokaryotic cells | 0.2 mm diameter |
| Size of eukaryotic cells | 10-100 mm in diameter |
| What organisms make up the normal flora? | fungi, viruses, bacteria, helminths/protozoans |
| Bacteria is where on the body? | Everywhere |
| What are some functions of normal flora? | prevent pathogens from causing infection due to competition stimulation of the immune system provide nutrients to host ex VitK |
| What are the different shapes of bacteria | coccus, bacillus, coccobacillus, fusiform bacillus, vibrio, spirillum, spirochete |
| Coccus shape | sphere |
| bacillus shape | rod |
| fusiform shape | skinny rod |
| color of gram negative | purple |
| color of gram positive | pink |
| What metabolic requirements is E coli | fermenter |
| metabolic requirements of pseudomonas | non-fermenters |
Created by:
Gracefromthepark
Popular Pharmacology sets