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psych quiz 2
psychology quiz 2 terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| System 1 | intuitive thinking (common sense), relies on heuristics and are reflective and quick |
| System 2 | analytical thinking that is slow, deliberate and effortful |
| Heuristics | Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that we use daily |
| Cognitive misers | We don't like spending time thinking about stuff |
| 5 methods to the scientific method toolbox | Naturalistic observation, case studies, surveys, correlation vs, experimental |
| What does the scientific method toolbox accomplish? | Maximize strengths, minimize weaknesses |
| What does the scientific method toolbox have to do with hypothesis? | It tests hypothesis derived from theories and gains information from them |
| What is the fact about theories? | Theories are never "proven", but are supported by evidence |
| Naturalistic observation (high degree) | High degree of EXTERNAL validity- generalize our findings to the real world to the real world as best as you can (like studying people at a restaurant) |
| Naturalistic observation (low degree) | Low degree of INTERNAL validity- we can draw cause and effect conclusions (we don't know why it happens when watching people, it just does) |
| Case study design | Studying one person or a small group of people for an extended period of time (usually something unique) |
| Self-report measures (surveys) | Psychologists often need to ask people about themselves or others |
| What measures are taken in surveys | Self-report measures and can measure attitudes, behaviors, opinions, etc. |
| Random selection (with surveys) | Generalized findings, every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate |
| Why does random selection have to be random/generalized? | Non-random selection can skew results. Convenience samples won't be accurate and probably bias |
| What are pros of surveys | Easy to administer and direct (self) assessment of person's state |
| What are cons of surveys | Potential for dishonesty and response sets (types of distortions) |
| What are the response sets? | Positive impression management, malingering, satisficing |
| What is malingering? | Making yourself look bad on purpose |
| What is satisficing? | Not thinking hard about the answer |
Created by:
josie_d
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