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G&C
Guidance and Counseling
| Answer | Question |
|---|---|
| Counseling | Solve "current" problem to one situation. Give Immediate response |
| Guidance | open and less private one to one only. Act of guiding an individual |
| Psychotherapy | "caring" for the soul. more in depth (has treatment that you need) |
| Psychologist | interview the client for the interpretation of the answered checklist |
| PMHN - Psychologist - Psychiatrist - Psychometrician | Process for Counseling |
| American Counseling Association (1913) | world's largest counseling association. founding of the national Vocational Guidance Association |
| American Psychological Association (1892) | by G. Stanley Hill promote services to enhance mental health for professionals. Make psychological tests |
| Philippine Guidance & Counseling Association | implements legal & ethical consideration in the philippines |
| Psychological Association of the Philippines | Virgilio Enriquez. promote seminars & trainings |
| empathy, acceptance, genuineness, embracing to a wellness perspective, cultural competence, The IT Factor, Compatibility of Belief Theory, Competence, Cognitive Complexity | Characteristics of an Effective Helper |
| empathy | put themselves in another person's shoes & feel what it is to be that person |
| acceptance | listen but don't judge regardless of the negative or positive stories of the client |
| genuineness | show pure intention to client |
| embracing to a wellness perspective | ready, capable, and able. You cannot give what you dont have |
| countertransference | therapist's personal and thoughts and feeling onto a client or vice versa. |
| Cultural Competence | know how to deal w/ diverse culture |
| It Factor - Carl Rogers | counselor should possess unconditional positive regard, empathy, genuineness |
| It Factor - Albert Ellis | we all show our clients their irrational thinking |
| It Factor - Michael white | social injustices fueled mental illness |
| It Factor - Sigmund Freud | show analytic neutrality to allow unconscious to be projected onto the therapist |
| Compatibility of Belief Theory | counselors should know all the theories |
| Compatibility of Belief Theory - Bruce wampold | helpers are attracted to therapies that they find comfy, interesting, attractive |
| Compatibility of Belief Theory - wampold and Budge | if you believe that the theory that are drawn to works, then and only then are you likely to see positive counseling outcomes. |
| Competence | counselor should have both ethical & legal responsibility to be competent |
| Cognitive Complexity | Client feedback |
| Shamans | have the ability to foresee future. has mythical powers. |
| Hippocrates | suggested questionable treatments for the human condition |
| Hippocrates - Melancholia | can be treated through exercise |
| Hippocrates - Hysteria | can be treated if the patient will get married |
| Plotinus | dualistic belief. soul was separate from the body Present: body & mind |
| 17th century modern philosopher | broader knowledge that gives thoughts and ideas in the present |
| Rene Descartes | knowledge and truth come through. deductive reasoning (general to specific) |
| John Locke & James Mill | believed that mind is a blank state (tabula rasa) |
| Counseling profession | vocational guidance. They counsel vocational that you want to take. Focused on professional/vocation only |
| Social work | desire to assist destitute (poor) people |
| England & US | word "social worker" came from |
| Elizabethan Poor Laws | raised funds for destitute and give those funds to association or churches |
| orphanage, reform schools, lunatic asylum | specialized institutions |
| Charity Organization Society & Settlement Movement | 2 majors approaches involved to assist underprivileged who were not institutionalized |
| Charity Organization Society (COS) | volunteers would visit poor people house-to-house to know the condition of poverty |
| Social casework | destitute needs are examined & treatment plan is designed |
| Settle Movement | social worker lived in poor community. Provide services to group of people |
| Hull House by Jane Addams | destitute people can live here (squatter area) |
| 20th century | first social work training program |
| Virginia Satir | reshape mental health profession to include a greater system focus |
| National Association for Social work (NASw) | professional activities helping individuals, families, communities, enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning |
| Academy of Certified Social workers (ACSw) | sets standard practice for master's -level social workers |
| 7th Century | Greek Philosophers reflected on nature of life & universe |
| Plato | suggested introspections & reflections were road to knowledge, dreams & fantasies were substitute satisfaction |
| Aristotle | considered as the first psychologist because he used objectivity & reason to study knowledge |
| St. Augustine & Thomas Aquinas | importance of consciousness, self-examination, and inquiry |
| Renaissance | development of scientific method |
| 19th century | psychology was increasingly influenced by modern day medicine, physics, and theory of evolution |
| wilhem wundt & Sir Francis Galton | developed laboratories to examine similarities & differences in responses by individuals to sensory experiment as they attempted to understand how responses to external stimuli were related to workings of mind. |
| G. Stanley Hall & James Catell | opened laboratories at Harvard university of Pennsylvania in late 1800s |
| william James | philosophical pragmatism - what we consider "true" and "real" depends on how well an idea or belief helps us navigate life. |
| End of 19th century | one natural outgrowth of laboratory science was the development of psychological & educational tests |
| Alfred Binet | developed one of the 1st intelligence test for the ministry of public education in Paris and to assist children who were intellectually disabled |
| beginning of 20th century | first use of school achievement tests, for vocational assessment, some of the first modern-day personality tests. |
| Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis | focuses on how unconscious mind influences thoughts, emotions, and behaviors |
| Franz Anton Mesmer & James Martin Charcot | practice a technique called "hypnosis" |
| Ivan Pavlov | Classical conditioning. developed behaviorism, deemphasize importance of introspection, stressed the importance of stimulus-response & environmental influences |
| Phenomenological & Existential Psychology | stressed the nature of existence & study of reality |
| Gestalt Psychology | emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts |
| 1920s | clinical began to have greater impact on the field & entered the association in large numbers |
| mid 1940 | APA went to great revision & new clinical associations such as Counseling Psychology (division 17) |
| Counseling Psychology (division 17) | brings together psychologists, students, professional who are dedicated to promote education & training, practice, public interest |
| test developed by psychologist (20th century) | used by early vocational guidance counselor & later adapted by counselors in different settings |
| Psychologist is the first cousin counseling | psychology focuses on studying human behavior, counseling applies this knowledge to help individuals overcome challenges. Thus, psychology guides counseling, making them closely related but distinct fields. |
| 1700s | mental illness generally viewed as demonic and mystical but this gradually gave way to new approaches to the understanding and treatment of mental diseases. |
| Philippe Pinel | founder of psychiatry - removed chains that bound inmates - administered 2 mental hospital |
| 1800s | great strides were made in the understanding, diagnosis, & treatment of mental illness |
| Emil Kraepelin | developed on of the first classification of mental diseases |
| Benjamin Rush | founder of American Psychiatry - appealed for humane treatment of the poor & mentally ill |
| Pennsylvania Hospital & Public Hospital for Persons of Insane & Disordered Minds | established to treat the mentally insane |
| Dorothea Dix | advocate for humane treatment and suggested supportive care, encouragement and respect removal from stressors |
| Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane (1844) | sought improvements of diagnosis, care, humane treatment and developed standards for mental hospitals |
| 1950 | expansion of use of psychotropic medications- many individuals who had been formerly hospitalized living on their own |
| 1950 - APA | instrumental for developing of first diagnostic & statistical manual of mental disorder (DSM-I) |
| to provide uniform criteria for making clinical diagnoses | purpose of DSM |
| John Dewey | educator that insisted on more humanistic teaching methods & access to public education |
| First Job Classification System | developed by Sanchez de Arevalo (1468) that includes occupational information and wrote mirror of men's lives |
| Binet's Intelligence test | in 1896 - large scale use of measurement instruments soon to be used in individuals & institution in decision making |
| testing, vocational guidance theory, humane treatment approaches | 3 crucial elements involved in formation of counseling profession |
| Industrial Revolution | history saw rise of social reform movements |
| end of 19th century and early part of 20th century | Freud's psychoanalysis represented first systematic & comprehensive approach to psychotherapy erupted into western world. |
| Social Darwinism | survival of the fittest |
| Frank Parson | influenced reform movements of the time |
| Vocational Bureau | assisted individuals in choosing occupation preparing themselves for it, finding and opening and building a career of efficiency and success |
| National Vocational Guidance Association (1913) | conference resulted in founding this. |
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