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Psych Unit 8 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Psychological disorder | A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior |
| Dysfunction | Disturbances in a person's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavor |
| Distress | A state of emotional suffering characterized by symptoms of depression |
| Stigma | A mark of disgrace associated with something |
| Medical model | The concept that diseases have physical models and can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes cured |
| Epigenetics | The study of environmental influences on gene expression |
| Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) | Resource for mental health folx, currently in its fifth edition |
| American Psychiatric Association | Main professional organization of US psychiatrists |
| World Health Organization | The health-related branch of the UN |
| International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD) | A list of mental illnesses |
| Maladaptive thoughts | A belief that is false but rationally supported |
| Maladaptive behaviors | Behaviors that interfere with daily living |
| Maladaptive relationships | Relationships that are bad |
| Eclectic approach | Psychotherapy tailored to the individual |
| Behavioral perspective | The study of observable behavior |
| Psychodynamic perspective | Effectively the same as psychoanalytic perspective |
| Humanistic perspective | Focused on needs of love, acceptance, and environment |
| Cognitive perspective | How we process, store, and recount information which affects how we behave and think |
| Evolutionary perspective | The idea that psychology is genetic |
| Sociocultural perspective | The connection between a society's culture and the behavior of individuals within that society |
| Biological perspective | How body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences |
| Biopsychosocial model | The idea that biological, social, and psychological factors all influence psychology |
| Diathesis-stress model | Suggests a mental disorder develops when an individual has a predisposition for it combined with stressful life events |
| Neurodevelopmental disorders | Mental conditions affecting the nervous system like ADHD, autism, cerebral palsy, etc. |
| Anxiety disorder | Marked by distressing, persistent anxiety or dysfunctional anxiety-reducing behavior |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | When someone is inexplicably and continually tense/anxious |
| Panic disorder | In which a person experiences panic attacks and fears the next one |
| Phobia | When a person is intensely and irrationally afraid of something |
| Specific phobia | A phobia about something specific |
| Acrophobia | Phobia of heights |
| Arachnophobia | Phobia of spiders |
| Agoraphobia | Phobia of places and situations that could cause panic |
| Panic attacks | A brief episode of anxiety causing the physical sensations of fear |
| Culture-bound anxiety disorder | An anxiety disorder unique to an ethnic or cultural population |
| Ataque de nervios | Puerto Rican/Caribbean psychological syndrome |
| Social anxiety disorder | An intense, persistent fear of being watched and judged by others |
| Taijin kyofusho | Japanese syndrome about the fear that one's body parts displease others |
| Obsessive compulsive disorder | Unwanted repetitive thoughts, actions, or both |
| Obsessions | Repetitive thoughts |
| Compulsions | Repetitive behaviors |
| Trauma and stressor-related disorders | Emotional/behavioral problems resulting from trauma/stress |
| Hypervigilance | The feeling of being constantly on guard |
| Flashbacks | Memories that make a person feel as though they're reliving trauma |
| Insomnia | Trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or both |
| Emotional detachment | When someone disengages from other people's emotions |
| Hostility | A form of emotionally charged agressive behavior |
| Major depressive disorder | A state of hopelessness and lethargy lasting several weeks or months |
| Bipolar disorder | When a person alternates between depression and overexcited hyperactivity |
| Mania | A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common |
| Persistent depressive disorder | A continuous, long-term form of depression |
| Schizophrenia | A disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and other things |
| Psychotic disorder | Disorders marked by irrationality, distorted perception, and lost contact with reality |
| Hallucinations | False perceptions |
| Delusions | False beliefs |
| Disorganized speech | Jumbled ideas and sentences that can be symptoms of schizophrenia |
| Flat affect | An emotionless state of no apparent feeling sometimes symptomatic of schizophrenia |
| Schizophrenic spectrum disorders | The ranges of schizophrenia |
| Delusions of persecution | The false belief that others intend to do harm |
| Delusions of grandeur | The false belief that oneself is uberimportant |
| Word salad | A jumble of extremely incoherent speech |
| Disorganized motor behavior | Abnormal movements apparently without purpose |
| Catatonia | Characterized by motor behaviors from a physical stupor to senseless, compulsive actions |
| Stupor | A state of near-unconsciousness |
| Catatonic stupor | Characterized by immobility, motion, and a lack of response |
| Negative symptoms | Appropriate behaviors are absent |
| Positive symptoms | Inappropriate behaviors are present |
| Chronic schizophrenia | When schizophrenia is a slow-developing process |
| Acute schizophrenia | When schizophrenia develops rapidly |
| Dopamine overactivity/Dopamine hypothesis | The idea that a possible cause for schizophrenia is an excess number of dopamine receptors |
| Dissociative disorders | When someone's conscious awareness dissociates from painful memories, thoughts, and feelings |
| Dissociations | Separation of some aspects of mental functioning from conscious awareness |
| Personality disorders | Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning |
| Cluster A personality disorders | The odd, eccentric cluster (for example, schizophrenia) |
| Cluster B personality disorders | Difficulties regulating emotion and behavior (for example, narcissistic personality disorder) |
| Cluster C personality disorders | Characterized by anxiety and fearfulness (for example, obsessive compulsive personality disorder) |
| Feeding and eating disorders | Behavioral conditions characterized by a severe and persistent disturbance in eating behaviors |
| Psychotherapy | Treatment involving psychological techniques |
| Eclectic approach (to therapy) | Using a blend of therapies |
| Psychotropic medication therapies | Using medication for therapy |
| Asylums | An institution for mentally ill folx |
| Deinstitutionalization | The movement to replace asylums with less isolated services |
| Ethical principles | Thinking about reasons in terms of values within clinical practice |
| Non-maleficence | The obligation of a physician not to harm the patient |
| Fidelity | Being trustworthy within the context of clinical practice |
| Integrity | The quality of moral consistency within clinical practice |
| Respect | Show regard for someone's abilities and worth within clinical practice |
| Psychoanalysis | Freud's therapy using things like free associations to release repressed things |
| Interpretation | In psychoanalysis, the analyst's suppositions of meaning |
| Psychodynamic approach (to therapy) | Helping people understand symptoms through relationships |
| Free association | Spontaneous utterances |
| Dream interpretation | Assigning meaning to dreams |
| Unconscious mind | The part of the psyche not available to introspection (for Freud, Id, Ego, Superego) |
| Client-centered therapy/Person-centered therapy | Humanistic therapy which tries to humanize the client/person |
| Active listening | Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies |
| Unconditional positive regard | A caring, accepting, nonjudgemental attitude |
| Humanistic approach (to therapy) | Talk therapy focusing on a person's individual nature |
| Behavior therapy | Therapy that applies learning principles to eliminate unwanted behavior |
| Exposure therapy | Treating anxieties by exposing people to what they fear and avoid |
| Systemic desensitization | Gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli as therapy |
| Applied behavior analysis | The scientific/behaviorist approach to understanding behavior |
| Rational-emotive behavior therapy | Therapy focusing on managing irrational thoughts, emotions, and behaviors |
| Cognitive therapy | Therapy that teaches people new ways of thinking |
| Stress inoculation training | Teaching to restructure thinking in stressful situations |
| Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) | Combines cognitive and behavior therapy |
| Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) | Helps change harmful behavior patterns through allies |
| Cognitive restructuring | Replacing stressful thoughts with more balanced ones |
| Fear hierarchies | A ranked list of worries to help overcome them |
| Cognitive triad | Three forms of negative thinking: self, world, and future |
| Biofeedback | A mind-body technology used to control functions like heartbeat |
| Group therapy | Therapy with groups instead of individuals |
| Individual therapy | One-on-one therapy |
| Meta-analysis | Combining conclusions of many different studies |
| Evidence-based practice | Clinical decision-making which integrates research with clinical experts and patient preference |
| Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) | Triggering eye movement to unlock memories |
| Light exposure therapy | Giving a daily dose of intense light |
| Therapeutic alliance | The emotional bond between therapist and client |
| Antipsychotic drugs | Used to treat schizophrenia and other severe thought disorders |
| Antianxiety drugs | Used to control anxiety and agitation |
| Antidepressant drugs | Used to treat depression, among other things |
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | Antidepressants that partially block serotonin reuptake |
| Mood-stabilizing drugs | Used to level out emotions |
| Psychoactive medications | Drugs that alter the brain and mental processes |
| Lithium | Mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder, primarily |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | Condition caused by long-term use of some psychiatric drugs |
| Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | Manipulates the brain by shocking it |
| Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) | Pulses of magnetism to influence brain activity |
| Psychosurgery | Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue |
| Lobotomy | Cutting out the frontal lobes from emotion-controlling parts of the brain |
| Trichotillomania | Excessive hair-pulling |
| Excoriation disorder | Excessive skin-picking |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | Haunting memories (and other things) after a traumatic experience (or experiences) |
Created by:
mejones
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