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RADT465/Safety
ARRT Registry review covering Safety content area
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the uppermost collimator shutter function to eliminate? | Off-Focus Radiation |
| What does somatic effects of radiation refer to? | Effects that manifest during the life of the exposed individual |
| What are the guidelines for the use of gonadal shielding? | Use Gonadal Shielding If: 1. The patient has reasonable reproductive potential and/or 2. the gonads are within 5cm of the collimated field |
| If the technical factors are unchanged, while the field size is increased, how will the DAP be affected? | Increased |
| What is the relationship between kVp and HVL? | Direct |
| What minimum possible occupational radiation dose requires monitoring? | 5 mSv |
| What energy and LET levels could be used to describe diagnostic x-rays? | Low Energy/Low LET |
| Which X-ray interaction is responsible for most of the scattered radiation that reaches the image receptor? | Compton Scatter |
| What type of radiation barrier is designed to protect against leakage and scatter radiation? | Secondary Barrier |
| What fraction of its original intensity, is an x-ray photon reduced by, one meter from the point of scatter? | 1/1000 |
| What type of crystal does a thermoluminescent dosimeter utilize? | Lithium Fluoride |
| Who is a controlled area occupied by? | Radiology Personnel and Patients |
| What types of radiation posses wavelike fluctuations, and are classified as electromagnetic? | Gamma, X-Ray, Visible Light, Ultraviolet Light, Radio Waves, and Infrared |
| What is the minimum lead requirement for secondary barriers? | .25 mm Pb Euqivalent |
| How is EfD calculated? | Radiation Weighting Factor (Wf) x Tissue Weighting Factor (Wt) x Absorbed Dose (D) |
| What are the terms used to define immature cells? | Undifferentiated/Stem Cells |
| What is the term used to define a partial transfer of a photon's energy to matter? | Scatter |
| The annual occupational exposure dose limit applies to which forms of radiation? | Beta, Gamma, and X-Rays |
| In fluoroscopy, what relationship do patient dose and field of view posses? | Inverse |
| Flat contact, shaped contact, and shadow all belong to what category of radiographic shielding? | Gonadal |
| What is the unit of measure utilized to express the dose of ionizing radiation to biologic material? | Sievert (Sv) |
| What term is used to describe a method of expressing radiation quality as a measure of the rate at which radiation energy is transferred to soft tissue? | LET |
| If exposed to 10 mGy of an internal source of alpha particles, and 10 mGy of an internal source of beta particles, which would result in the greatest dose? | Alpha Particles |
| Cleaved chromosome, cross-linking, and mutation are all linked to what occurrence in vitro? | Irradiation of Macromolecules |
| Place the following tissues in increasing order of radio-sensitivity: Liver Cells, Intestinal Crypt Cells, and Muscle Cells | Muscle Cells, Liver Cells, Intestinal Crypt Cells |
| Which tissue type attenuates the most diagnostic x-rays? | Bone |
| Guidelines from the NCRP require leakage radiation form x-ray tubes to be maintained below what level? | 1 mGya/h (100 mR/h) |
| What type of radiation is produced, at the tungsten target, when the incident electron ejects an inner-shell tungsten electron? | Characteristic |
| What is the NCRP mandated annual occupational dose equivalent limit of the extremities? | 500 mSv |
| Which two radiology work rotations are responsible for the majority of occupational radiation exposure? | Bedside Radiography and Fluoroscopy |
| What type of dose-response curve represents a liner threshold response? | Linear curve beginning at a point other than zero |
| What is the term used to describe the amount of time x-rays are being produced and directed towards a particular wall? | Use Factor |
| What is the unit of measurement used to express occupational exposure? | Sv |
| What type of personnel radiation monitor can provide an immediate reading? | Ionization Chamber |
| What is the most effective gonadal shielding for a male patient in the anterior and lateral position? | Shaped Contact |
| If an exposure produces a ESE of 1.1 mGy, what will the intensity of the scattered photon be 1 m perpendicular from the patient? | .0011 mGy |
| What is the required lead thickness of a primary barrier? | 1/16" Lead Equivalent |
| What is the minimum SSD in mobile fluoroscopy? | 30 cm |
| What impact do high grid ratios and radiation quality have on the production of scatter? | Increased Scatter |
| What type of dose-response curve represents possible genetic effects of ionizing radiation? | Liner Nonthreshold |
| What affect do fractionation and protraction have on radiation dose effects? | They reduce the effect of radiation exposure, permit cellular repair, and allow tissue recovery |
| Which x-ray interaction occurs between an x-ray photon and an inner-shell electron? | Photoelectric Effect |
| Which x-ray production occurs when the incident electron is deflected with resulting energy loss? | Bresstrahlung |
| What is the dose-response curve of most somatic effects? | Nonlinear/Threshold |
| What rule can be used to make adjustments to technical factors to reduce patient dose? | 15% Rule |
| Which dose limit category do the blood-forming organs belong to? | Whole-Body Dose |
| Which X-ray photons does aluminum have its greatest affect on? | Low-Energy |
| Which personnel monitoring device is the most sensitive/accurate? | OSL Dosimeter |
| What types of DNA molecule structural damage can occur due to the effects of ionizing radiation? | Single-Side-Rail Scission, Double-Side-Rail Scission, and Cross-Linking |
| What affect does decreasing SID have on skin dose? | Increased Skin Dose |
| Which type of ionizing radiation is described as having an RBE of 1? | Diagnostic X-Rays |
| What is the maximum tabletop radiation intensity for fluoroscopy? | 21 mGya/min/mA |
| What is the minimum required height of primary radiation barriers? | 7 Feet |
Created by:
clairescherle0997
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