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Psychodynamic theories
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Module 60 AP Psych
Module 60 AP Psych Unit 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality | an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting |
| Psychodynamic theories | theories that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences |
| Psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts |
| Unconscious | according to Freud a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoghts wishes feelings and memories (information processing we are unaware of) |
| Free association | in psychoanalysis a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing |
| Id | a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that according to Freud strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives |
| Ego | the largely conscious “executive“ part of personality that meditates among the demands of the id superego and reality |
| Superego | the part of the personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations |
| Psychosexual stages | the childhood stages of development during which the id’s pleasure-seeking energizes focus on distinct erogenous zones |
| Oedipus complex | a boy’s sexual desires towards his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father |
| Identification | the process by which children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos |
| Fixation | in psychoanalytic theory a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier stage in which conflicts were unresolved |
| Defense mechanisms | in psychoanalytic theory the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality |
| Repression | the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings and memories |
| Regression | retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage where some psychic energy remains fixed (a 16-year-old after being cut goes to his grandma's house) |
| Reaction formation | Switching unacceptable impulse into their opposites (after being cut makes a big deal about how it's not a big deal) |
| Projection | disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others (talks about how his dad is mad at coach after being cut) |
| Rationalization | offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real more threatening unconscious reasons for one's actions (says he didn't work that hard but would've made it if he tried) |
| Displacement | shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person (yells at his little brother after not making team) |
| Sublimation | transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motives (decides to join cross country where they don't make cuts) |
| Denial | refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities (insists that there was an error on the team list) |
| Collective unconscious | Carl Yung's concept of a shared inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history |
| Inferiority complex | given to us by Alder |
| Archetypes | common images are derived from our species’ universal experiences |
| Projective tests | a personality test that provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics |
| Thematic Apperception test | a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interest through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes |
| Rorschach Inkblot test | the most widely used projective test, seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots |
| Terror-management theory | a theory of death-related anxiety, explores peoples emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death |
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avaJwilliams
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