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Foundation Radiology
Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ALARA concept | Concept of radiation protection that states that all exposures should be kept “as low as reasonably achievable.” |
| Anode | The positive electrode in the x-ray tube |
| Atom | Atom The basic unit of matter |
| Bremsstrahlung radiation | Bremsstrahlung radiation “Braking radiation.” The sudden deceleration of electrons as they interact with highly positively charged nuclei |
| Cathode | The negative electrode in the x-ray tube |
| Central ray | X-rays at the center of the beam |
| Contrast | Differences in degrees of blackness on an image |
| Control Panel | The portion of the x-ray unit that contains the master switch, the indicator light, the selector buttons, and the exposure button |
| Density | The overall darkness or blackness of an image |
| Dental radiography | The process of recording images of the teeth and adjacent structures by exposure to x-radiation |
| Digital imaging | A filmless method of capturing an image and displaying it by using an image receptor, an electronic signal, and a computer to process and store the image |
| Distortion | Change in the size of an image caused by incorrect vertical angulation. |
| Dose (of radiation) | The amount of energy absorbed by tissues. |
| Dosimeter | A device used to detect and measure an accumulated dosage of radiation |
| Electron | A negatively charged particle in the atom |
| Energy | The ability to do work |
| Extension arm | Flexible arm that is attached to the x-ray tubehead. |
| Genetic effects | Effects of radiation that are passed onto future generations through genetic cells |
| Image | Film-based or digitally produced recordings of anatomic structures |
| Image receptor | A recording medium for an image, normally film, phosphor storage plate (PSP), or a digital sensor |
| Intensity | The total energy of the x-ray beam |
| Ion | An electrically charged particle |
| Ionization | Process by which electrons are removed from atoms, causing the harmful effects of radiation in humans. |
| Ionizing radiation | Radiation that produces ionization, resulting in harmful effects |
| Kilovoltage | Highest voltage of x-ray tube used during an exposure |
| Latent | Time between exposure to ionizing radiation and appearance of symptoms |
| Lead apron | Lead apron Device used to protect the reproductive and blood-forming tissues from scatter radiation |
| Magnification | The proportional enlargement of an image |
| Master switch, indicator light, selector buttons, exposure button | Components of control panel. |
| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has form or shape |
| Milliampere | One one-thousandth (1/1000) of an ampere; a unit of measurement used to describe the intensity of an electrical current |
| Penumbra | he blurred or indistinct area that surrounds an image |
| Personal radiation monitoring badge | A device that measures exposure of personnel to ionizing radiation by measuring the intensity of visible light emitted from a crystal in the detector when heated. The intensity of light emitted is dependent upon the radiation exposure |
| Photon | A minute (tiny) bundle of pure energy that has no weight or mass |
| Primary beam | The most penetrating beam produced at the target of the anode |
| Primary radiation | Same as primary beam |
| Quality (of x-ray beam) | The number of x-rays produced in the dental unit; the quantity of x-rays produced is controlled by milliamperage |
| Radiation | Forms of waves of energy emission through space or material |
| Radiograph | Image produced on photosensitive film by exposing the film to radiation and then processing it |
| Radiology | he science or study of radiation as used in medicine |
| Scatter radiatiton | A form of secondary radiation that occurs when an x-ray beam has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter |
| Secondary radiation | X-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter |
| Sensor | A solid-state image receptor that contains a silicon chip with an electric circuit |
| Sharpness | Sharpness A measure of how well an image reproduces the fine details or outline of an object |
| Somatic effects | Effects of radiation that cause illness and are responsible for poor health (such as cancer, leukemia, and cataracts) but are not passed onto offspring |
| Thyroid collar | A flexible lead shield that is placed securely around the neck |
| Tubehead | Tubehead The part of the x-ray unit that contains the x-ray tube, the high-voltage and low-voltage transformers, and insulating oil |
| Tungsten target | A focal spot in the anode |
| X-radiation | High-energy ionizing electromagnetic radiation |
| Automatic processor | Machine that automates all film processing steps |
| Beam alignment device | Assists in the positioning of the position indicator device (PID) |
| Bitewing | Image view that shows the crowns of both arches on one film |
| Calcium tungstate | Common type of phosphor |
| Cassette | Cassette Contains extraoral films during exposure |
| Cephalometric film | Shows the bony and soft tissue areas of the facial profile |
| Charge-coupled device (CCD) | A solid-state image sensor used in intraoral digital imaging |
| Digital image | Digital image Electronic signals captured by sensors and displayed on computer monitors |
| Digitize | Scanning of traditional film-based radiographs into a digital image |
| Duplicating film | Film designed for use in film duplicating machines |
| Film speed | The sensitivity of the emulsion on the film to radiation |
| Intensifying screen | The part inside an extraoral cassette that converts x-ray energy into visible light, which in turn exposes screen film |
| Intraoral film | Film designed for placement in the patient’s mouth |
| Label side | Colored side of the film that faces the tongue. |
| Latent image | The invisible image on the x-ray film after exposure but before processing |
| Occlusional | Occlusal Radiographic view that shows large areas of the maxilla or mandible |
| Panoramic film | Used in cassettes to provide a wide view of both the upper and lower jaws |
| Periapical | Radiographic view that shows the crown, root tip, and surrounding structures |
| Phosphor storage plate (PSP) | Reusable film-sized plates coated with phosphor as the image receptor |
| Positioning instruments | Intraoral devices used to position and hold the film, sensor, or PSP |
| Processing | A series of steps that change exposed film into a radiograph. Steps include developing, rinsing, fixing, washing, and drying |
| Radiograph | Image produced on photosensitive film by exposing the film to radiation and then processing it |
| Teledentisrty | Process of using electronic transfer of images and other information for consultation and/or insurance purposes in dentistry |
| Tube side | Solid white side of the film packet that faces the x-ray tube |
| Emulsion | A coating on the x-ray film that contains energysensitive crystals |
| Extraoral film | Film designed for use in cassettes |
| Film speed | The sensitivity of the emulsion on the film to radiation |
| Intensifying screen | The part inside an extraoral cassette that converts x-ray energy into visible light, which in turn exposes screen film |
| Intraoral film | Film designed for placement in the patient’s mouth |
| Label side | Colored side of the film that faces the tongue |
| Latent image | The invisible image on the x-ray film after exposure but before processing |
| Occlusal | Radiographic view that shows large areas of the maxilla or mandible |
| Panoramic film | Used in cassettes to provide a wide view of both the upper and lower jaws |
| Periapical | Radiographic view that shows the crown, root tip, and surrounding structures |
| Phosphor storage plate (PSP) | Reusable film-sized plates coated with phosphor as the image receptor |
| Positioning instruments | Intraoral devices used to position and hold the film, sensor, or PSP |
| Processing | A series of steps that change exposed film into a radiograph. Steps include developing, rinsing, fixing, washing, and drying |
| Radiography | Image produced on photosensitive film by exposing the film to radiation and then processing it |
| Teledentistry | Teledentistry Process of using electronic transfer of images and other information for consultation and/or insurance purposes in dentistry |
| Tube side | Solid white side of the film packet that faces the x-ray tube |
Created by:
jilenelopez
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