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Aquatic Inverts Exam
Some taxonomy is technically incorrect, written in accordance to class teachings
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Platyhelminthes | Phylum; Endo and ectoparasites or free-living, eyespots (free-living), regeneration, bioindicators of oxygen, no coelem, use traps/threads to catch prey, single digestive opening, flat, mouth+pharynx, turbellaria |
| Nematoda | Phylum; benthic zone, free-living or parasite, ubiquitous in unpolluted habitats, cannibals, make glue to stick to surfaces & trap microorganisms, biomonitoring potential (metals), usually <1 cm, tapered posterior and anterior ends, c-shaped |
| Nematomorpha | Phylum; similar to nemata/nematoda, entirely parasitic, usually >5 cm, lobed posterior end, can be parasites in stoneflies |
| Mollusca | Phylum; foot, mantle secretes calcium carbonate shell, gills (ctenidia), no segments |
| Annelida | Phylum; segmented bodies, chaetae or suckers, form tubes in sediment, tolerant of anoxia (especially when cold), burrowing creates habitat and releases OM |
| Arthropoda | Phylum; most common animals on earth, in every habitat/trophic level/thermal and osmotic extremes, fast reproduction, jointed appendages, segmented bodies divided into fused tagmata (good senses, locomotion, reproduction), exoskeletons |
| Platyhelminthes: | Flatworms |
| Nematoda: | Nematodes |
| Nematomorpha: | Nematomorphs |
| Mollusca: | Gastropoda and Bivalvia (Class) |
| Annelida: | Hirudinea and Oligochaeta (Class) |
| Arthropoda: | Chelicerata and Crustacea (Subphylum) |
| Gastropoda | Class; Radula for scraping surfaces, eat periphyton and detritus, have a crop to digest, typically univoltine, prefer cobble over sand or plants (habitat), some make cellulases to breakdown cellulose, directly control periphyton, indirectly control plants |
| Bivalvia | Class; apertures bring in food, habitat: stable substrate & high flow (not invasives), larvae brood in gills, young=extra sensitive to low DO (not Sphaeriidae), filter phytoplankton/bacteria/OM, broadcasting, habitat made via burrowing & shell existence |
| Hirudinea | Class; suckers, segmented, substrates low in oxygen, top predators in small ecosystems but limited by mouth size, wave posterior for oxygen uptake, burrow in substrate, blood sucking or eat organisms whole |
| Oligochaeta | Class; chaetae, segemented, burrowing in low oxygen substrate, branchiobdellans (crayfish ectoparasites), form tubes in sediment, wave posterior for oxygen uptake(?), hard to identify below family level |
| Chelicerata | Subphylum; piercing mouthparts, eight legs, cephalothorax and abdomen |
| Crustacea | Subphylum; biramous appendages -> six on head (3 sensory, 3 feeding), highly modified |
| Gastropoda: | Ancylidae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Planorbidae, Viviparidae (Family) |
| Bivalvia: | Dreissenidae, Sphaeriidae (Family) |
| Hirudinea: | Erpobdellidae, Glossiphoniidae (Family) |
| Oligochaeta: | Naididae, Lumbriculidae (Family) |
| Chelicerata: | Hydracarina, Araneae (Class) |
| Crustacea: | Cladocera, Ostracoda, Copepoda, Malacostraca (Class) |
| Ancylidae | Family; conical shell, prefer cobble, limpets |
| Lymnaeidae | Family; pulmonate shell, operculum absent, dextral opening, most common pulmonate in North US, like silt |
| Physidae | Family; pulmonate shell, operculum absent, sinstral shell, small radular teeth, attach tightly to surfaces, fast, mature early, high fecundity, widespread, like silt |
| Planorbidae | Family; sunken spire, operculum absent, sinstral, parallel sides, under stones |
| Viviparidae | Family; pulmonate shell, concentric operculum, like silt |
| Dreissenidae | Family; attach to solid objects, biofilters for sewage, no parental care, broadcast larvae, tolerant of high temperatures, triangular shell |
| Sphaeriidae | Family; don't live directly in sediment, tolerant of low DO, adults <1 in, anterior and posterior lateral teeth bordering cardinal tooth |
| Erpobdellidae | Family; large mouth, predatory, rounder body |
| Glossiphoniidae | Family; small mouth pore on anterior sucker, suck blood, flatter body |
| Naididae | Family; usually <30 cm, >2 chaetae/bundle, chaetae usually long |
| Lumbriculidae | Family; usually >30 cm, transparent, short chaetae paired, chaetae all similar in size |
| Hydracarina | Class; Polyphyletic, most of freshwater arachnids, varying diets, can greatly influence size of prey populations, typically reddish, complex life cycle (find host on water surface), eject digestive juices , rotund, four pairs of legs |
| Araneae | Class; Arachnida, predators eat liquid diet, spinnerets, parental care=common |
| Cladocera | Class; really branchiopoda, thoracic leaf-like & unsegmented appendages, +(?) 2nd antennae modified for swimming, carapace (not spiny water flea), brood chamber, diel vertical migration (active @ night), catch food on legs, herbivores/predators |
| Ostracoda | Class; almost all aquatic & semiterrestrial habitats, carapace bivalved on hinge, median eye (~1), eat algae & detritus, parthenogenesis, desiccation resistant eggs, appendages present on anterior & ventral faces, short life cycles |
| Copepoda | Class; really maxillopoda, segmented legs, no carapace, clear articulation point, often carrying eggs, resists moisture/pH/temperature extremes, benthic or planktonic, lay less eggs when eating algae, omnivores or eat algae |
| Malacostraca | Class; telson (wide posterior segment), no median eye |
| Dreissenidae: | Zebra & Quagga Mussels |
| Sphaeriidae: | Fingernail & Pea Clams |
| Erpobdellidae: | Predatory Leeches |
| Glossiphoniidae: | Blood-sucking Leeches |
| Hydracarina: | Mites |
| Araneae: | Pisauridae & Lycosidae (Family) |
| Cladocera: | Spiny water flea (bythotrephes), daphnia |
| Copepoda: | Calanoida & Cyclopoida (Order) |
| Malacostraca: | Decapoda, Isopoda, Amphipoda (Order) |
| Pisauridae | Family; Two rows of eyes, silk tether, rowing/galloping/sailing |
| Lycosidae | Family; Three rows of eyes, occasionally submerge, stalking predators, three genera |
| Calanoida | Order; planktonic, swim, eat algae, vertical migration, single egg sac, long antennae (>0.5x body length) |
| Cyclopoida | Order; benthic, short antennae (<0.5x body length), two egg sacs, crawl, omnivores (collect/scrape), acid tolerant |
| Decapoda | Order; Infraorder=Astacidea, well-developed walking legs (5 sets;10x) |
| Isopoda | Order; Flat, loosely connected segments, broad telson, gnathopods (claws on 2nd thoracic segment), usually purple to grey when alive |
| Amphipoda | Order; Shrimp-like, narrow telson |
| Pisauridae: | Fishing spiders, formerly combined with Dolomedidae (family; contains genus Dolomedes) |
| Lycosidae: | Stalking spiders |
| Amphipoda: | Gammaridae & Hyalellidae (Family) |
| Gammaridae: | Family; Antennal flagellum (mini antenna) present, usually 3+ segments |
| Hyalellidae | Family; one species=Hyalella azteca, first antenna without flagellum (mini antenna) |
Created by:
Andiia
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