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Human DV Practice 1
Exam review questions for test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Martha remembers when she heard the news that President John F. Kennedy had been shot. This is an example of a... a.) Normative age graded influence. b.) Normative historical age influence. c.) Non-normative life event. d.) Normative cohort event. | b.) Normative historical age influence. |
| When studies are based only on observation, the results should be expressed as a.) Cause and effect relationship. b.) Descriptions. c.) Theory. d.) Case Study. | b.) Descriptions. |
| Sherral finds that kids who watch violence on TV tend to behave violently. This TV/violence relationship is a a.) Cause and effect. b.) Positive correlation. c.) Negative correlation. d.) Descriptive statistics. | b.) Positive correlation. |
| Comparing experiments with observations, we see a. Observations give more control over test conditions b. Observations provide chance to measure other explanations c. Experiments better enable the research to observe cause and effects | c. Experiments better enable the research to observe cause and effects. |
| Braylee read a study that if your friends are overweight, you are more likely to be overweight. She shakes her head because the study isn't cause and effect and is a(n) a.) Experiment. b.) Qualititative study. c.) Case study. d.) Correlational study. | d.) Correlational study. |
| To study how members of a particular group change or remain the same as they grow older, the best method is a.) Cross-sectional research. b.) Survey at the end of the time period. c.) Longitudinal. d.) Establishing an experiment. | c.) Longitudinal. |
| When an experimental result is reported in research literature as significant, this result a. Contradicts prevailing theoretical views b. Has major theoretical implications c. Is unlikely to have occurred by chance d. Indicates practical importance | c.) Is unlikely to have occurred by chance. |
| A newly fertilized ovum is called a a.) Zygote. b.) Embryo. c.) Fetus. d.) Allele. | a.) Zygote. |
| The period of the fetus is primarily a time when a.) Major organs first begin to function. b.) Implantation in the uterus occurs. c.) Basic structures are laid down. d.) Growth and finishing take place. | d.) Growth and finishing take place. |
| The blastocyst a.) Develops into central nervous system. b.) Develops into the placenta and amniotic sac. c.) Develops into the outermost layer of cells. d.) Develops into the fetus. | d.) Develops into the fetus. |
| Which philosophical view assumes that the child's mind at birth is a "blank tablet"? a.) Original sin. b.) Tabula rusa. c.) Determinism. d.) Innate goodness. | b.) Tabula rusa. |
| Which of the following is true? a.) Genes consist of thousands of chromosomes. b.) Chromosomes consist of thousands of genes. c.) Ovum consists of thousands of eggs. d.) An egg consists of thousands of ova. | b.) Chromosomes consist of thousands of genes. |
| A gene is recessive when a.) It skips a generation. b.) Its influence can be hidden by a more powerful gene. c.) It is smaller than other genes. d.) It does not appear in the genotype. | b.) Its influence can be hidden by a more powerful gene. |
| The recessive gene for a is x-linked, meaning a. Females are twice as likely as males to have this disability b. Females will have this disability only if they inherit the gene from both parents c. Males can carry the gene but won't have the disability | b. Females will have this disability only if they inherit the gene from both parents. |
| The neural tube will become the a.) Reproductive organs. b.) Intestinal tract. c.) Brain and spinal cord. d.) Backbone, legs, and arms. | c.) Brain and spinal cord. |
| What begins 14 days after conception? a.) Cell differentiation. b.) Implantation. c.) Period of the fetus. d.) Germinal period. | b.) Implantation. |
| The thalidomide tragedy of the 1960s was important because it discovered a.) Drug-addicted mothers put unborn baby at greater risk. b.) Occasional use of any drug risks unborn baby. c.) Occasional users of illegal drugs risk unborn baby. | b.) Occasional use of any drug risks unborn baby. |
| A teratogen a.) Is a gene that causes a birth defect. b.) Develops during the 3rd trimester. c.) Enters the ovum with the sperm. d.) Is a poisonous substance that crosses the placenta. | d.) Is a poisonous substance that crosses the placenta. |
| An example of a chromosomal abnormality is a.) Spina Bifida. b.) Down Syndrome. c.) Diabetes. d.) Sickle Cell Anemia. | b.) Down Syndrome. |
| Amy's a drinker. She wants a baby, so she should know a.) Developmental problems don't occur until after birth. b.) Moderate drinking doesn't affect the baby during pregnancy. c.) Developmental problems can occur before the mom knows she's pregnant. | c.) Developmental problems can occur before the mom knows she's pregnant. |
| Because Dr. Smith is a cognitive theorist, we know that she stresses the importance of _____ for understanding development. a.) Thought process. b.) Repressed memories. c.) Reciprocal interactions. d.) Biologically determined critical periods. | a.) Thought process. |
| Children who live in poverty are more likely than others to a.) Have health problems. b.) Experience lead poisoning. c.) Be born at a low birth weight. d.) All of the above. | d.) All of the above. |
| Two brown eyed parents have a child with blue eyes. The best explanation is: a. Mutations occurred before the birth. b. Both parents carry the allele for blue eyes. c. Both parents have pure brown eyes. d. They had blue contacts during intercourse. | b.) Both parents carry the allele for blue eyes. |
| All human babies regardless of their culture or language begin to babble at about the same age. This is an example of a.) Natural selection. b.) Mutation. c.) Species heredity. d.) Recessive heredity. | c.) Species heredity. |
| The key to polygenic traits is that they ALWAYS involve a.) A mutation. b.) Recessive genes. c.) Multiple pairs of genes. d.) Incomplete dominance. | c.) Multiple pairs of genes. |
| Since 1992, when it was recommended that infants ____, the incidence of SIDS has gone down. a.) Sleep on their stomachs. b.) Sleep on their backs. c.) Sleep on their sides. d.) Don't sleep with their mothers. | b.) Sleep on their backs. |
| Which infant motor event typically occurs first? a.) Stands with support. b.) Cruises around furniture. c.) Rolls over. d.) Sits without support. | c.) Rolls over. |
| Which of the following stimuli is an infant LEAST likely to attract an infant's visual attention? a.) Face-like pattern. b.) Colorful stripes. c.) Plain shape. d.) Bull's eye. | c.) Plain shape. |
| Piaget's theory of development focused primarily on a.) How our thinking changes as we grow older. b.) Biological and physical changes. c.) Our unconscious issues. d.) The ways in which the environment influences us, | a.) How our thinking changes as we grow older. |
| Piaget's view of cognitive development includes the idea that a.) Kids learn best when they're rewarded b.) Cognitive development follows universal patterns c.) Kids learn everything they know from their parents d.) Culture determines cognitive growth | b.) Cognitive development follows universal patterns. |
| Piaget's concept of cognitive equilibrium is a.) Learning to remain steady while walking or standing. b.) Seeing the world from both your own and other's perspective. c.) Behaving in ethical ways. d.) A state of mental balance. | d.) A state of mental balance. |
| Piaget's basic building blocks of thinking and memory are a.) Actions. b.) Adaption. c.) Logic. d.) Schema. | d.) Schema. |
| The realization that objects continue to exist even when they're out of sight constitutes a.) Conservation. b.) Object permanence. c.) Symbolic representation. d.) Object classification. | b.) Object permanence. |
| Nick first believe that all rocks sink. He later watched a pumice rock float. Now he believes that only some rocks sink. In Piaget's terms, what process did Nick use? a.) Assimilation. b.) Accommodation. c.) Adaption. d.) Equilibrium. | b.) Accommodation. |
| Which of the following is the clearest example of the concept of assimilation? a.) Learning that a green light means go and a red light means stop. b.) Learning to paint with a new type of brush. c.) Looking at a teacher when they lecture. | b.) Learning to paint with a new type of brush. |
| During the sensorimotor stage, the main task is to: a.) Learn to use language to express sensations. b.) Think of past and future events. c.) Use senses and motor skills. d.) Think logically and critically. | c.) Use senses and motor skills. |
| Children experience the Eriksonian conflict of trust vs. mistrust are also in what Piagetian stage? a.) Sensorimotor. b.) Pre-operational. c.) Concrete operations. d.) Formal operations. | a.) Sensorimotor. |
| The best time to learn a new language is a.) Early in life. b.) In kindergarten. c.) Middle childhood, d.) At age 60. | a.) Early in life. |
| Emma read books to her developing fetus. She should be told that a.) She's foolish for believing so. b.) She should recite the alphabet instead. c.) Her newborn child will recognize her voice after birth. | c.) Her newborn child will recognize her voice after birth. |
| Axons are to dendrites as a.) Sending is to receiving. b.) Small is to large. c.) Baby is to adult. d.) Controllable is to automatic. | a.) Sending is to receiving. |
| Greta turned her head when she heard footsteps in the hall, then she smiled when she saw her mother come into the room. This demonstrates _______ perception. a.) Depth. b.) Intermodal. c.) Auditory. d.) Visual. | b.) Intermodal. |
| What's an example of dishabituation? a.) Getting excited when a boring teacher shows a movie. b.) Initially being annoyed by your new car but getting used to it. c.) Realizing that a jet flies off into the distance still exists. d.) Breaking a habit. | a.) Getting excited when a boring teacher shows a movie. |
| Goodness of Fit theory a.) Ensures that parents clothe their infants in the correct size. b.) Is a statistical model that describes the discrepancy between observations and data. c.) Is the match between an infant's temperament and the environment. | c.) Is the match between an infant's temperament and the environment. |
| The difference between gross and fine motor skills is whether they a.) Involve bigger or smaller muscles. b.) Involve mental or physical skills. c.) Are controllable. d.) Are due to nature or nurture. | a.) Involve bigger or smaller muscles. |
| Erickson's notion of developmental crisis can be defined as a.) Concern with parental control and self-determination. b.) Conflict between a positive and negative outcome. c.) Conflict between physical growth and cognitive growth. | b.) Conflict between a positive and negative outcome. |
| Cody lives with deaf parents who only use sign language. Cody rarely leaves the house. By the time Cody is four, he will a.) Probably not speak English. b.) Not understand English and sign language. c.) Be fluent in English and sign language. | a.) Probably not speak English. |
| What is meant when researchers say the brain is plastic? Give an example. | It's adaptable. Ex- If you're born blind, other parts of the brain step in and your other senses such as hearing and smell are increased. |
| State a stupid definition of development and provide three basic principles of development. | Change between death and conception. 1.) It's gradual. 2.) It's orderly and predictable. 3.) People develop at different rates. |
| Define the following terms and give an example of each: Experience expectant and experience dependent. | Experience Expectant: How the brain wires itself pre-birth to receive stimuli. Ex- Brain can perceive all sounds of languages. Experience Dependent: How the brain re-wires itself based on experience. Ex- Loses ability to perceive all the sounds. |
| Research has identified that infants have privileged domains. What is a privileged domain? What are two privileged domains? Provide an example for each domain. | What we are pre-disposed to learn. 1.) Numeric: Patterns. 2.) Physics/Physical Concepts: Things can't float. |
| Why are categorizing and conceptualizing important? What is the difference between perceptual and conceptual categorization? | Summarize, simplify, and organize. Not clutter, not unique. -Perceptual: Based off all our perception. Chair because it looks like chair. -Conceptual: Culture based, arbitrary. Based on use. Pluto used to be a planet. |
| Patricia Kuhl calls infant Citizens of the World. What does she mean? At what point are infants no longer Citizens of the world? Why? | Infants can perceive all sounds of all the languages of the world. -10 months to a year: Experience dependent/prune. |
| Recent research has had an impact on the nature vs. nurture debate. What is the impact? What are the impacts of nature and nurture? Name one surprising trait that is heritable. | Both work together. We were asking the wrong question. -Nature: Changes/evolves the gene. -Nurture: Turns the gene on and off. ~Trauma. |
| Identify two things that the violation of expectation research has taught us about infant cognition. Name two domains of thought that are privileged in infant brains and give an example for each. | 1.) Object permanence occurs earlier than Piaget originally believed. 2.) Young infants have expectations about how the world works. -Biology: Inanimate objects can't move themselves. -Physics: Things can't levitate. |
| Which research strategy is the BEST for determining cause-and-effect relationships? a.) Experimental. b.) Correlational. c.) Observational. d.) Standardized tests. | a.) Experimental. |
| What is the main problem with survey research? a.) It is very expensive. b.) Subjects give inaccurate responses. c.) It is not objective. d.) It cannot be conducted in a lab. | b.) Subjects give inaccurate responses. |
| The term "non-normative" refers to an event that a.) Happens to younger children but not older adults. b.) Is not likely to happen to very many people. c.) Used to happen to everyone but no longer occurs very much. d.) Happens to almost everyone. | b.) Is not likely to happen to very many people. |
| What is a normative historical age influence for you? | Gen Z: Trump, Ukraine vs. Russia, or Covid-19. |
| Which comparison of siblings would give you the MOST info if you wanted to study how genetics influence personality? By comparing two... a.) Fraternal twins reared apart. b.) Identical twins reared apart. c.) Fraternal twins reared together. | b.) Identical twins reared apart. |
| Which of the following is a direct contributor to a child's phenotype? a.) Child's genotype. b.) Child's environment. c.) Parents' genotype. d.) A and B. | d.) A and B. |
| Audrey has blue eyes (bb) and her husband has brown eyes (BB). If they have four kids, what is most likely? a.) Two have brown, two have blue. b.) Three have brown, one has blue. c.) All four have brown eyes. d.) All four have blue eyes. | c.) All four have brown eyes. |
| The AIDS virus CANNOT be contracted a.) At conception through a chromosomal abnormality. b.) During the birth process when maternal and fetal blood may mix. c.) Through breast feeding. d.) During the prenatal period, when HIV crosses the placenta. | a.) At conception through a chromosomal abnormality. |
| The formation of the primitive heart would take place during the _______ development. a.) Embryonic. b.) Germinal. c.) Zygotic. d.) Fetal. | a.) Embryonic. |
| Research on language learning in the brain has found that language processing takes place a.) In the left hemisphere. b.) In the right hemisphere. c.) Not one or the other, it requires communication between both hemispheres. | c.) Not one or the other, it requires communication between both hemispheres. |
| Mahori didn't walk as a child. Which of the following is true? a.) Mahori's motor development will be similar to an American child if they're compared in kindergarten. b.) Mahori's sequence of motor development will be different from American's. | a.) Mahori's Motor development will be similar to an American child if they're compared in kindergarten. |
| The proximodistal development pattern's best described as a.) Drawing: First done using the entire arm and then the fingers. b.) Head size: Originally is 1/4 the body. c.) Memory: Goes from sensory memory to short-term to long-term. | a.) Drawing: First done using the entire arm and then the fingers. |
| If an alien randomly dropped in on ten newborns, it might conclude that humans spend the entire first months of life a.) Eating. b.) Crying. c.) Pooping. d.) Sleeping. | d.) Sleeping. |
| Breast feeding is better than bottle feeding because a.) Breast-feeding is more convient and adaptable. b.) Breast milk is superior in nutrients. c.) Bottle fed infants have weak attachments to their mothers. d.) That's just a myth. | b.) Breast milk is superior in nutrients. |
| Which substance is unable to pass through the placenta? a.) Oxygen. b.) Bacteria. c.) Carbon Dioxide. d.) Viruses. | b.) Bacteria. |
| Taylor is born two weeks early while Miranda was born two months early. Who's more likely to die? a.) They're equally likely. b.) Miranda. c.) Taylor. d.) There's not enough research to support either. | b.) Miranda. |
| Which isn't true about teratogens? a.) Stage of pregnancy doesn't matter. b.) Depends on dose amount. c.) Not all developing organisms will be susceptible. d.) The risk factor increases as the number of risks increase. | a.) Stage of pregnancy doesn't matter. |
| In Gibson and Walk's experiment, infants refused to crawl across a visual cliff because of a.) Failure of visual acuity. b.) Failure of hearing. c.) Depth perception. d.) Poor muscle tone. | c.) Depth perception. |
| The Dynamic System theory integrates a.) Thoughts and language. b.) Memory, cognition, and biology. c.) Development and social norms. d.) Perception, thought, and action. | d.) Perception, thought, and action. |
| According to Piaget, the development of representational ability improves children's thinking because it a.) Allows them to repeat activities for pleasure. b.) Frees them from the immediate experience. c.) Stops them deferring imitation. | b.) Frees them from the immediate experience. |
| John was told that a tomato is a fruit. No way, he thinks. Who would put a tomato on cereal or ice cream? Johnathan has experienced a.) Assimilation. b.) Accommodation. c.) Self-reliant thinking. d.) Object permanance. | a.) Assimilation. |
| Which emotion is an infant most likely to develop last? a.) Fear. b.) Pride. c.) Surprise. d.) Anger. | b.) Pride. |
| In order for children to learn language, they a.) Must be exposed to a variety of different speakers. b.) Must be able to hear. c.) Must interact with humans. d.) Activate the Language Acquisition Device (LAD). | c.) Must interact with humans. |
| Children develop a lot of shame and doubt about their abilities in all circumstances except a.) Impatient parents doing things for kids when they should be independent. b.) Children are allowed to express their emotions. c.) Kids are overprotected. | b.) Children are allowed to express their emotions. |
| Kids were repeatedly shown pictures of cat, and then one dog, They focused on the dog longer than the cat. Why? a.) Children had been using category to classify cats. b.) They're able to recognize photos as symbols. c.) Object permanence. | a.) Children had been using category to classify cats. |
| According to Kagan, a four-month old infant who responds excitedly to a mobile with tears and crying will likely become a.) Quiet and shy. b.) Fearful and depressed. c.) Outgoing and social. d.) Excitable, | a.) Quiet and shy. |
| The way that children resolve autonomy vs shame influences their later sense of a.) Attachment to the family. b.) Confidence in their own abilities. c.) Cooperation in groups. d.) Evaluation of new ideas. | b.) Confidence in their own abilities. |
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OliviaRoark
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