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Rad Pro Ch.10
Bony Thorax & Ribs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Jugular Notch | T2-T3 |
| Sternal Angle | T4-T5 |
| Xiphoid Tip | T9-T10 |
| Inferior Rib (Costal angle) | L2-L3 |
| RAO Sternum | 15°-20° RAO |
| RAO Sternum | - CR to center of sternum (1 in/2.5 cm to left of midline and midway between jugular notch and xiphoid process). - orthostatic breathing technique. |
| Lateral Sternum | - CR to center of sternum. - 60-72 in (152-183 cm) SID. - Suspend respiration on Inspiration. |
| PA Sternoclavicular Joints | - True PA. - CR perpendicular to T2-T3 (3 in/7 cm, distal to vertebra prominens). - Suspend on expiration. |
| Anterior Oblique: RAO for Right SC Joint | - 10°-15° rotation. - CR to level of T2-T3. |
| Rib Routine: | - AP or PA projection (area of injury closest to IR). - Unilateral or bilateral study (follow department protocol). - Axillary portion of ribs—45° anterior or posterior oblique position (rotate spine away from side of interest). |
| AP Above Diaphragm | - CR 3-4 in (8-10 cm) below jugular notch. - Expose on inspiration. - 1st to 10th posterior ribs visualized. |
| AP Below Diaphragm | - CR midway between xiphoid process and lower ribs. - Expose on expiration. - 9th to 12th ribs visualized. |
| Posterior or Anterior Oblique: Ribs Above Diaphragm | - 45° oblique. - CR to T7 level. |
| Posterior Oblique: Recumbent | - 45° oblique. - CR midway between xiphoid process and iliac crest. - Axillary portion of ribs appears elongated. |
| The bony thorax consists of: | Sternum, thoracic vertebrae, & 12 pairs of ribs. |
| Manubrium | Upper portion of the sternum. |
| Body | The longest part of the sternum. |
| Xiphoid process | The most inferior portion of the sternum. |
| Jugular Notch | The upper most border of the maniubrum is easy to palpate. |
| Another name for the jugular notch is? | Supersternal or manubrial notch. |
| Connects directly to the sternum: | Clavicles and cartilage of ribs 1-7. |
| Costocartilage | The anterior ribs do not unite directly with the sternum but do so with a short piece of cartilage. |
| True Ribs | Attaches directly to the sternum with its own costocartilage (1-7). |
| False Ribs | The last 5 pairs of ribs (8-12). |
| Floating Ribs | The last 2 pairs of false ribs and do not posses costocartilage. |
| Sternal end | Anterior end of a rib. |
| Vertebral end | Posterior end of a rib. |
| Shaft | Between the two ends (body). |
| Head | Vertebral end; articulates with one or two thoracic vertebral bodies. |
| Neck | Flattened area. |
| Tubercle | Lateral to the neck and articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra and allows for attachment of a ligament. |
| Angle | The area of forward articulation. |
| Posterior or vertebral end of a typical rib | Is 3-5 inches higher than the sternal end. |
| Costal groove | The inside margin, which contains the blood vessels and nerves. |
| The lower inside margin or each rib protects an? | Artery, a vein, & a nerve. |
| The bony thorax is typically wisest at the lateral margins of | 8-9 ribs. |
| Large, barrel-chested thorax | 15° |
| A___________ may be used for a radiographic examination of the sternum. | A Breathing technique. |
| Thin chested thorax | 20° |
| Interchondral joints | Between the costal cartilages of the anterior 6-9 ribs. |
| Sternocostal joint | Typical of the 2-7 joints between costocartilage and sternum, |
| Sternocostal joint | The cartilage of the first rib attaches directly to the manubrium with no synovial capsule and allow no motion. |
| Sternoclavicular joint | Are synovial joints containing articular capsules that permit a plane motion or gliding motion and therefore termed diarthrodial joints. |
| Costochondral union or junction | Is the joint between the costocartilage and the sternal angle of the fourth rib (Ribs 1-10). |
| If a patient isn't able to stand erect for a lateral sternum, what projection should the radiographer so instead? | Cross-table lateral. |
| If a patient can't do a RAO sternum position, what should the radiographer do instead? | LPO. |
| SITUATION: If a patient has a history of trauma to the LEFT POSTERIOR RIBS, the two preferred projections with this routine are? | AP & LPO. |
| SITUATION: A patient who has trauma to the RIGHT ANTERIOR RIBS. Two preferred projections are? | PA & LAO |
| When the patient complains of ANTERIOR RIB PAIN: | Obtain the image in a PA projection. |
| When the patient complains of POSTERIOR RIB PAIN: | Obtain the image in a AP projection. |
| Osteolytic | Destructive lesions with irregular margins. |
| Osteoblastic | Proliferative bony lessons of increased density. |
| Combonation osteolytic & osteoblastic | Moth-eaten appearance of bone resulting from the mix of destructive and plastic lesions. |
| Osteomyelitis | Infection of bone and marrow; can be associated with post complications of open heart surgery, which requires the sternum to split. |
| Most common cause of Osteomyelitis | A bacterial infection. |
| Flail chest | The fracture of adjacent ribs in two or more places is caused by blunt trauma and is associated with underlying pulmonary injury. |
Created by:
sassyrad
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