Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
philosophy
first half of philosphy for midterm 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Definition of Philosophy | Philosophy is a reflective inquiry into ideas and assumptions we often take for granted. |
| Philosophy's Purpose | It seeks to understand fundamental questions about existence and reality. |
| Love of Wisdom | The term 'philosophy' comes from Greek words meaning 'loving wisdom'. |
| Critical Examination | Critical examination of ideas is essential to wisdom, avoiding blind acceptance of traditions or authority. |
| Accessibility of Philosophy | Philosophy is open to everyone, regardless of age. |
| Philosophizing | Philosophizing stems from human wonder, distinguishing humans from other animals. |
| Exploration of Questions | Philosophical inquiry leads to further questions, enriching understanding even if definitive answers are not reached. |
| Metaphysics | Examines the nature of reality and existence. |
| Epistemology: | Investigates the nature and scope of knowledge. |
| Axiology: | Concerns judgments of value, including ethics and aesthetics. |
| Logic: | : Focuses on the rules for valid reasoning and argumentation. |
| Interconnectivity of Branches | Insights from one philosophical branch can inform others. |
| Awareness of Worldviews | The course will focus on Western Philosophy, but recognizing and respecting other worldviews is crucial. |
| Socrates | Historical Context: Lived from 469 B.C.E to 399 B.C.E in Athens; no writings attributed to him. |
| Socratic Method | Known for the Socratic Method, which involves a question-and-answer dialogue to stimulate critical thinking. |
| Socratic Method Step 1 | Question: The questioner poses a simple question. |
| Socratic Method Step 2 | Answer: The respondent answers. |
| Socratic Method Steps 3 | Challenge: The questioner shows how the answer is inadequate or leads to absurd consequences. |
| Socratic Method Steps 4 | Adjust: The respondent revises their answer. |
| Socratic Method Steps 5 | Repeat: Return to step 3. |
| Arguments | A group of statements with premises that support a conclusion. |
| Premise | Statement supporting the conclusion. |
| Conclusion | Final statement drawn from premises. |
| Validity | Conclusion must follow from premises. |
| Soundness | Premises must be true. |
| deductive | Premises guarantee the conclusion (general to specific). |
| inductive | Premises support the conclusion but do not guarantee it (specific to general). |
| Conditional Statements: | 'If A, then B' (does not assert truth of A or B). |
| Transitive Reasoning: | If A leads to B, and B leads to C, then A leads to C. |
| Straw Man: | Misrepresenting an argument to refute it easily. |
| Ad Hominem: | Attacking the person instead of addressing the argument. |
| Appeal to Popularity: | Assuming something is true because many believe it. |
| False Dilemma: | Presenting limited choices when more exist. |
| Slippery Slope: | |
| Impact of Religion | Religion shapes societal values and goals but can also lead to conflict when beliefs are dogmatically followed. |
| Importance of God in Philosophy | Critical examination of these beliefs fosters wisdom and better understanding. |
| Engaging with philosophical inquiries | Can deepen one's appreciation of God and align individuals with divine intentions. |
| Ontological Proof | Arguments based on the nature of God. |
| Cosmological Proof | Arguments based on the universe's existence. |
| Teleological Proof | Arguments based on perceived design in the universe. |
| Religious Experience Proof | Arguments based on personal experiences of the divine. |
| St. Anselm of Canterbury | A significant figure (1033-1109 C.E.) who attempted to prove God's existence through philosophical reasoning. |
| The Ontological Argument | Posits that God, defined as the greatest conceivable being, must exist in reality to avoid contradiction. |
| Existence and Greatness | Something that exists is greater than something that exists only in the mind. |
| Faith and Understanding | Anselm suggests that belief precedes understanding—one must believe to comprehend. |
| Definition of God | God is the greatest conceivable being. |
| Existence in the Mind | Even the fool who says God does not exist has an idea of God in their mind. |
| Existence in Reality Is Greater | If God exists only as an idea in the mind, then it is possible to conceive of a being greater than God. |
| Conclusion of Anselm's Argument | Therefore, God must exist in reality; otherwise, God would not be the greatest conceivable being. |
| Objection to Anselm's Ontological Argument | Aquinas argues that Anselm's argument does not prove God's existence outside of being just a concept in someone's mind. |
| Ibn Sina's View | He believed God did not create the world in time but that creation is eternal, which raises questions against the Big Bang Theory. |
| Teleological Argument for the Existence of God | An argument that suggests the existence of a designer based on the purposeful design observed in the world. |
| Analogy of the Watch | William Paley uses the analogy of finding a watch vs. a stone to illustrate that a watch indicates purpose and design, unlike a stone. |
| Purposeful Design | A watch has parts arranged purposefully to function, suggesting a creator. |
| Functional Flaws | If a watch is flawed or imperfect, it still doesn't negate the fact that it was designed. |
| Fine-Tuned Universe | The precise conditions in the universe suggest deliberate design; however, the idea of a multiverse complicates this argument. |
| Critical Thinking | Be aware of potential logical fallacies in arguments supporting or opposing the teleological argument. |
| Problem of Evil | A challenge to the existence of an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-good God. |
Created by:
jaydycat
Popular Physical Science sets