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Chap. 1
Develomental Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Age Ranges of the Life Span | PRENATAL: conception-birth, Infancy & Toodlerhood: birth-age 3, Preschool: ages 3-6, Middle childhood: ages 6-12, Adolescence: ages 12-20, Young adulthood: age 20-40, Middle adulthood: age 40-65, Late adulthood: age 65-death |
| CONTINUOUS | gradual development in which achievements at one level build on those of previous levels; changes achieved are a matter of degree, not kind. |
| DISCONTINUOUS CHANGE | development that occurs in in distinct steps or stages. -Changes achieved are qualitively different than behavior at earlier stages. |
| The Biological Approach (Bronfenbrenner) | Suggests that different environmental levels simultaneously influence individuals.4 Major Levels: Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem. |
| CRITICAL PERIOD | a specific time during development when an event has its greatest consequences and is considered necessary for normal development.- interference with critical periods thought to interfere w/ development, often permanently. |
| SENSITIVE PERIOD | a point in development when an individual is especially susceptible to certain stimuli.- absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences. |
| NATURE | refers to inherited traits, abilities, and capacities. |
| NURTURE | refers to the environmental influences that shape behavior. |
| THEORIES | explanations and predictions that provide a framework for understanding relationships among an organized set of principles. |
| Major Theoretical Perspectives used in lifespan development | psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, evolutionary. |
| PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY | occurs as children pass through a series of stages in which pleasure or gratification is focused on a particular biological function and body part. |
| ERICKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY | @ Each stage emerges as a fixed pattern that is similar for all people. @ Each stage presents a crisis or conflict that each individual must address sufficiently at a particular stage. @ No crisis is ever fully resolved, making life complicated. |
| PIAGET'S THEORY | describes stages of cognitive development. |
| VYGOTSKY'S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY | Emphasizes how development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture. |
| EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH | research designed to discover CAUSAL relationships between various factors. |
| CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH | Finding that two variables are correlated (have some relationship) with one another does NOT prove that one variable causes the other. |
| INDEPENDENT VARIABLE | the formation of treatment and control groups represents this. this the variable that researchers MANIPULATED in an experiment. |
| DEPENDENT VARIABLE | Contrast of INDEPENDENT VARIABLE, is the variable that researchers MEASURE in and experiment and expect to change as a result of the experimental manipulation. |
| this the variable that researchers ____________ in an experiment. | MANIPULATED |
| is the variable that researchers __________ in an experiment and expect to change as a result of the experimental manipulation. | MEASURE |
Created by:
L.Ariane
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