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Unit 1 A&P written
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the main difference between diffusion and osmosis? | Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Explain how the concentration gradient affects the rate of diffusion. | the greater the difference in concentration the faster the rate of diffusion. Molecules move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. |
| In osmosis, what happens when a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution? | In a hypertonic solution, water will leave the plant cell, causing it to shrink (plasmolysis). The cell membrane may pull away from the cell wall. |
| How does temperature influence the rate of diffusion? | An increase in temperature causes molecules to move faster, which increases the rate of diffusion. |
| What would happen to an animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution? Why? | Water would enter the animal cell, causing it to swell and potentially burst (lysis), as the concentration of solutes outside the cell is lower than inside. |
| What is the main difference between apoptosis and necrosis? | Apoptosis is programmed cell death, occurring in a controlled manner. Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death, typically due to injury or disease, leading to inflammation and damage to surrounding tissue. |
| In what ways do apoptosis and necrosis affect the surrounding tissue? | Apoptosis does not cause inflammation, as the cell's contents are packaged neatly for disposal. Necrosis causes inflammation and can damage neighboring cells due to the release of cellular contents. |
| Why is apoptosis considered a programmed cell death? | Apoptosis is a regulated, planned process where cells self-destruct for purposes like development, immune response, or to eliminate damaged cells, thus preventing harmful effects on the body. |
| Give an example of a situation in which necrosis might occur. | Necrosis can occur when tissues are deprived of oxygen (e.g., in a heart attack) or when there is a physical injury, causing cells to die in an uncontrolled manner. |
| How does the body regulate apoptosis to prevent uncontrolled cell death? | If a cell is damaged, apoptosis is triggered, whereas, if the cell is healthy, anti-apoptotic signals prevent premature cell death. |
| List the levels of biological organization from the simplest to the most complex. | atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ system |
| atom | the smallest piece of an element |
| molecule | two or more atoms bonded together |
| macromolecule | made up of serval atoms or molecules |
| organelles | tiny structures inside the cell that perform specific jobs |
| cells | basic unit of life that makes up living things |
| tissues | a group of cells that work together to perform a function |
| organs | two or more tissues joined together to perform a specific function and shape |
| organ system | a group of organs that perform a general function |
| what are the 5 environmental factors that support life? | water, oxygen, food, heat, and pressure |
| what is homeostasis and why is it important | maintaining a relatively stable internal environment. It is important because it helps regulate body temperature and allows cells and organs to function properly |
| negative feedback loop | prevents sudden, severe changes in the body |
| What is the function of the ribosome? | a tiny factory in a cell that makes proteins. It reads the instructions from the DNA and assembles amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) in the right order to create proteins, which are essential for the cell to function properly. |
| Describe the role of the cell membrane. | The cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell |
| Malignant cancer cells | May spread all through the body |
| Type of transport mechanism that requires the direct use of ATP ? | Active |
| Positive feedback triggers an automatic response that | Pushes the change further away from normal values |
| What is the main difference between meiosis and mitosis? | Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, used for growth and repair, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes (sperm or eggs) for sexual reproduction. |
| List the stages of mitosis in order. | Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase → Cytokinesis |
| Why are benign tumors typically not considered life-threatening? | Benign tumors are non-cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body. They usually do not cause major damage, although they can sometimes affect function depending on their size and location. |
| What is the main difference between DNA and RNA? | DNA is double-stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose, and stores genetic information :ATCG RNA is single-stranded, contains the sugar ribose, and is involved in protein synthesis.AUGC |
| what is the major difference between the two types of serous membrane | The visceral layer covers an organ and the paritel layer lines a body cavity or wall |
| Prophase | The cell prepares to divide. The chromosomes become visible, and the nuclear membrane starts to break down. |
| Metaphase | The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. |
| Anaphase | The chromosomes are pulled apart by fibers, so each side of the cell gets a copy. |
| Telophase: | Two new nuclear membranes form around the separated chromosomes. |
| Cytokinesis | The cell splits into two, creating two identical daughter cells. |
| Mitosis | the process where a cell divides into two identical cells. It helps the body grow, repair, and replace old cells. |
| Meiosis | a type of cell division that makes sex cells (sperm or eggs). It reduces the number of chromosomes by half, so when two sex cells combine during fertilization, the offspring has the right number of chromosomes. |
Created by:
tcohen05
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