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PHM1000 De More18
PHM1000 Pharmacy Technician Chapter 18, De More
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| -alol | alpha/beta blockers |
| -azepam | anti-anxiety agents |
| -caine | anestetics |
| -cef | cephalosporins (antibiotic) |
| -cillin | penicillins (antibiotic) |
| -conazole | antifungal |
| estr | estrogens |
| -mycin | antibiotics |
| -olol | beta blocker (BP) |
| -pamil | coronary vasoldilator (antiangina, BP) |
| -peridol | antipsychotic |
| -pramine | antidepressants |
| -pril | antihypertensive (BP) |
| -profen | anti-inflammatory/analgesic agent |
| -sulfa | antibiotics |
| -thiazide | diuretics |
| -triptyline | antidepressants |
| -vastatin | antihyperlipidemics (lowers cholesterol) |
| analgesia | state where pain is not felt even though a painful condition exists |
| anti-pyretic | reduces fever |
| antibiotic | drug that destroys microorganisms (ex: Amoxicillin, Tetracycline) |
| antiviral | drug that attacks a virus (ex: Zovirax, Valtrex) |
| antifungal | drug that destroys fungi or inhibits its growth (ex: Nystatin, Diflucan) |
| antimycobacterial | drug that attacks mycobacteria, organisms that cause leprosy and tuberculosis |
| antiprotozoal | drug that destroys protozoa (ex: Flagyl) |
| antihelminthic | drug that destroys worms (ex: Vermox) |
| bactericidal | bacteria killing |
| bacteriostatic | bacteria inhibiting |
| virustatic | drug that inhibits the growth of viruses |
| lymphocyte | type of blood cell that releases antibodies that destroy disease cells |
| mestasis | when cancer cells spread beyond their original site |
| neoplasm | new abnormal tissue growth, often referring to cancer cells |
| remission | a state in which cancer cells are inactive |
| arrythmia | abnormal heart rhythm |
| cardiac cycle | concentration and relaxation of the heart that pumps blood through the cardiovascular system |
| diastolic pressure | minimum blood pressure when the heart relaxes; the second number in a blood pressure reading |
| electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) | graph of a heart's rhythms |
| embolism, embolus | clot that has traveled in the bloodstream to a point where it obstructs flow |
| myocardium | heart muscle |
| systolic pressure | maximum blood pressure when the heart contracts; first number in BP reading |
| thrombus | blood clot |
| antianginals | used to treat cardiac related chest pain (angina) |
| antiarrhythmics | treats irregular heart rhythms |
| antihypertensives | used to reduce a sustained elevation in blood pressure |
| vasopressors | act to increase blood pressure |
| antihyperlipidemics | used to lower high levels of cholesterol that can lead to blocked blood vessels |
| thrombolytics | used to dissolve blood clots |
| anticoagulants | used to prevent formation of blood clots |
| beta blockers | reduce oxygen demands of the heart muscle |
| calcium channel blockers | relax the heart by reducing heart conduction |
| diuretics | decrease blood pressure by decreasing blood volume by increasing the elimination of salts and water through urination |
| ACE inhibitors | relax the blood vessels ("-pril" drugs and "-sartan" drugs) |
| Vasodilators | relax and expand the blood vessels |
| dermatalogical | product used to treat a skin condition |
| integumentary system | the skin |
| dissociation | when a compound breaks down and separates into smaller components |
| electrolytes | substance in a solution that conduct and electrical current |
| extracellular fluids | fluid outside the body's cell s found in plasma and tissue fluid |
| intracellular fluids | cell fluid |
| interstitial fluid | tissue fluid |
| passive immunity | short term immunity (patient given antibody) |
| active immunity | long term immunity (vaccine stimulates the patient's immune system to produce antibody) |
| chyme | the semi-liquid form of food as it enters the intestinal tract |
| peristalsis | the wave of motion of the intestines that moves food through them |
| antidirrheals | two types: antiperistalsis drugs slow movements of contents for greater water/electrolyte absorption (Imodium). Secretion inhibitor prevents organisms from attaching to intestinal mucosa (Pepto) |
| antiemetics | treats nausea and vomiting |
| antacid | neutralize existing stomach acid |
| antiulcer | inhibits secretion of gastric acid by blocking effects of histamine (histamine receptor antagonist) |
| laxatives | prescribed to treat constipation; available as bulk forming; stimulant; saline and osmotic. |
| stool softener | emollient laxative that promotes the mixing of fatty and and wattery intestinal substances to soften stools |
| clotting factors | factors in the blood coagulation process |
| anemia | decrease in hemoglobin or red blood cells |
| hematopoietics | drugs used to treat anemia |
| hemostatic drugs | drugs that prevent excessive bleeding |
| topical hemostatics | drugs used for minor bleeding when sutures are not appropriate |
| corticosteroid | hormonal steroid substances produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| endocrine system | system of hormone secreting glands |
| hormone | chemical secretion that influences or controls and organ/organs in the body |
| insulin | hormone that controls body's use of glucose |
| diabetes mellitus | codition in which the body doesn't produce enough insulin or is unable to use it efficiently |
| serum glucose | blood sugar |
| progesterone | female sex characteristic hormone that is involved in ovulation prevention |
| testosterone | primary androgen |
| gout | a painful inflammatory condition in which excess uric acid accumulates in the joints |
| osteoarthritis | disorder characterized by weight-bearing bone deterioration |
| rheumatoid arthritis | chronic and progressive inflammatory condition with joint pain, swelling, feelings of warmth |
| uricosuric | drugs used to treat gout |
| glaucoma | disorders characterized by abnormally high pressure within the eye (ocular hypertension) that leads to optic nerve damage and loss of vision |
| mydriatic | drugs that dilate the pupil |
| analgesics | create a state in which pain is reduced or not felt (pg 473-477) |
| anesthetic agents | cause an absence of sensation of pain (i.e cocaine - local or valium (IV) - general) |
| anti-infectives | treat disease prodiced by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasitic worms |
| antineoplastics | inhibit the new growth of cancer cells (neoplasms)see pg 430-431! |
| remission | state where cancer cells are inactive |
| lymphocyte | type of white blood cell that releases antibodies that destroy disease cells |
| medullary paralysis | an overdose of anesthesia that paralyzes the respiratory and heart centers, leading to death |
| types of antibiotic action | 1. demage bacterial cell wall 2. modify protein synthesis 3. modify energy metabolism 4. modify DNA synthesis |
| antimetabolites | antineoplatic; inhibit cell growth by mimicking natural metabolites and taking their place within cell and inhibit synthesis on enzymes, including DNA |
| alkylating agents | antineoplatics; interfere with mitosis or cell division by binding with DNA and preventing cellular replication |
| plant alkaloids | antineoplastic; derived from natural products or semisynthetically produced, inhibit the enzyme topoiso,erase, which is required for cell growth or mitosis |
| anti-tumor antibiotics | antineoplstic; interact directly with cancer cells to prevent DNA from functioning normally, sometimes resulting in cancer cell death |
| radioactive isotopes | antineoplastics; radioactive substances are sometimes used to kill cancer cells in a targeted area; sometimes given in conjunction with other treatments |
| cardiovascular agents | used to treat conditions and diseases of the cardiovascular system (see 434-437) |
| dermatologicals | drugs used to treat condition or disease related to the skin (p439) |
| integumentary system | the skin; also, the body's largest organ |
| Electrolytic agents | water soluble substances contained in out bodies as salts (440-41) |
| common electrolytes | sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate |
| ions | electrically charged particles |
| anions | negatively charges particles |
| cations | positively charges particles |
| dissociation | when a compound breaks down and separates into smaller components |
| gastrointestinal and urinary tract agents | used to treat disorders of the stomach and/or intestines (p443-445) |
| hematological agents | used to treat disorders and conditions related to the blood (p446-7) |
| hormones & modifiers | substances used to control or influence a selected organ or set of organs to produce an effect (p 448-53) |
| immunobiologic agents & vaccines | used to create immunity against pathogens (p444-5) |
| musculoskeletal agents | used to treat conditions or diseases related to the muscular and/or skeletal systems (p456-7) |
| neurological agents | used to treat conditions or diseases related to the nervous system (p458-61) |
| opthalmic and otic agents | used to treat various conditions of eye and ear (464-5) |
| psychotropic agents | drugs that affect behavior, psychiatric state and sleep (p467-9) |
| respiratory agents | drugs indicated for the treatment of respiratory diseases and disorders (p470-2) |
| common respiratory disorders | COPD, asthma, croup, pneumonia, bronchitis, allergy, emphysema |
| common psychiatric disorders | bipolar, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, drug dependency; psychotropic agents are commonly used for these disorders |
| common eye disorders | pink eye (conjunctivitis), glaucoma, other infections, pain, allergies |
| common neurological disorders | Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's, epilepsy, migraine, multiple sclerosis, and attention deficit (hyperactivity disorder |
| common musculoskeletal disorders | rhumatoid arthritis, gout, osteoarthritis |
| human antibodies are used in immune globulins in treatment of: | measles, pertussis, mumps, tetanus, Hepatitis A & B |
| animal antibodies may be used for immune globulins in treatment of: | diptheria, rabies, botulism, black widow spider venom |
| immune globulins | specialized proteins that provide passive immunity |
| common hormonal disorders | diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, diabetes insipidus, anovulation/infertility, allergic reaction, erectile dysfunction, oral contraception, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) |
| common skin conditions | eczema, acne, psoriasis, fungal infections, viral infections, dry skin, trauma (burns, cuts etc), viral infections (herpes simplex etc), discoloration or pigmentation, cancers, rashes, edema, cellulitis, non-malignant growths (keratoses) |
| common heart conditions | high blood pressure, arrythmias, blood clotting, high cholesterol, myocardial infarction (heart attack) congestive heart failure (CHF), arteriosclerosis (hardening/narrowing of arteries)coronary artery disease (CAD) |
| blocker | another term for ANTAGONIST drug, because antagonists BLOCK the action of neurotransmitters |
| homeostatis | state of equilibrium |
| mimetic | another term for AGONIST, because agonists MIMIC the action of the neurotransmitter |
| neurotransmitter | substances that carry the impulses from one neutron to another |
| The (basic) systems for classifying drugs | 1. disorder 2. body system affected 3. type of receptor acted on 4. type of action |
| USAN | United States Adopted Name Council; designates non-proprietary (generic) names for drugs |
| andr- | androgens |
| -arabine | antineoplastics |
| -ase | enzymes |
| -azosin | antihypertensives |
| -bamate | tranquilizers, antiepileptics |
| -barb | barbituric acid derivatives |
| -butazone | anti-inflammatory analgesics |
| cort | cortisone derivatives |
| -curium | neuromuscular blocking agents |
| -cycline | antibiotics (tetracycline types) |
| -dralazine | antihypertensive |
| -erg | ergot alkaloid derivatives |
| -fibrate | antihyperlipidemics |
| -gest- | progestins |
| -irudin | anticoagulants |
| -mab | monoclonal antibodies |
| -mantadine | antivirals |
| -monam | monobactam antibiotics |
| -mustine | antineoplastics |
| -olone | steroids |
| -oxacin | antibiotics (quinolone derivatives) |
| -pamide | diuretics |
| -parin | heparin derivatives |
| -peridol | antipsychotics |
| -pred | prednisone derivatives |
| -rubicin | antineoplastic antibiotics |
| -terol | bronchodialators |
| -tiazem | calcium channel blockers |
| -trexate | antimetabolites (folic acid derivatives) |
| -vastatin | antihyperlipidemics |
Created by:
MrsAFlaherty
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