Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Plant-Insect
BIO 429
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| domatia | tiny triggers made by plants that house arthropods and offer protection from competition in exchange for protection from herbivory |
| Anthropoda | phylum consisting of invertebrate animals with exoskeletons, segmented bodies, and paired jointed appendages |
| compound eye | made up of 1,000 ommatidia (tiny photoreception units) |
| simple eye | single oculus, usually 3 on a head |
| antennae | body part that is always paired on the head, variable in shapes/size and covered in olfactory receptors. Used for sensing (nose) by binding to free-floating molecules |
| thorax | segment of an insect that primarily used for movement, made of 3 segments and each one has a pair of legs usually the second and third segments have wings |
| abdomen | segment of an insect that is used for reproduction and digestion. Made up of 12 segments. Females have ovipositor here |
| ovipositor | tube-like organ on females used for laying eggs. In parasitoids can be used for piercing. "ovi-" = egg "post-" behind |
| feeding guild | method of feeding, or what type of food is eaten |
| folivore | insect that eats leafy parts |
| gall maker | insect that trigers plant response to make abnormal growth |
| phagy | feeding behavior, what/how many species does an insect eat |
| monophagous mono- (one) -phagy (food) | insect that feeds on a single species of food |
| oligophagous -oli (few) -phagy (food) | insect that feeds on a few types of genera within same family |
| polyphagous | insect that feeds on multiple types of food |
| univoltine | one generation per year |
| bivoltine | 2 generations per year |
| multivoltine | 2+ generations per year |
| semivoltine | more than 1 year per generation |
| oviporouos | reproductive strategy where an insect lays eggs |
| viviparous | reproductive strategy where an insect gives live birth |
| fecundity | number of offspring an organism can have |
| glucose | single carbohydrate chain made by plants |
| phloem | transports sugars from photosynthesis to roots and back up |
| xylem | transport water and nutrients up the tree |
| gross primary production (GPP) | amount of carbon fixed during photosynthesis by all producers |
| net primary productivity (NPP) | the rate at which plants use GPP to respire (_ = GPP - respiration) |
| net secondary production (NSP) | energy derived from consumption of other organisms (__ = ingestion - respiration - egestion |
| bottom up | resources that limit NPP determine energy flow through an ecosystem |
| top-down | energy flow governed by rates of consumption by predators at highest trophic level, influences abundance and composition of the levels below |
| trophic cascade | changes in abundance of organisms at one trophic level influences the energy flow at multiple trophic levels |
| monocot | one cotyledon, fibrous roots, scattered vascular system, parallel veins, flowers in multiples of 3 |
| dicot | two cotyledons, tap roots, ringed system, net-like veins, 4-5 petals per flower |
| exploitative competition | species a and c are both predators of b. loss of b by a affects c |
| apparent competition | c and a share common predator. increase in a will negatively affect c by increasing b |
| keystone predation | a and c are predators of b. d is a predator of a. d increases c by reducing a |
| plant susceptibility | inability of a plant to restrict herbivory |
| plant suitability | ability of plant to be a good host for herbivore |
| plant tolerance | can endure stress (herbivory) without being badly affected |
| plant resistance | can exclude/hinder stress (herbivory) |
| coevolution | adaptations in one population lead to adaptation in another |
| voltinism volta- "one" and "times" | number of generations that an organism can have in a year |
| phenotypic plasticity | ability of one genotype to produce more than one phenotype |
| genetic drift | chance that events alter allelic frequency |
| founder effect | special case of genetic drift, reduced genetic diversity results when a population is descended from a small number of a colonizing ancestor |
| speciation | formation of a new and distinct secies |
| allopatric speciation | when a species splits into two or more new species due to geographical isolation |
| sympatric speciation sym- (same place) | situation in which a single species becomes multiple by genetic isolation in a place without geographic barriers. |
| parapatric speciation para- (near) -patria (country) | when a new niche or habitat is discovered and spreads the population out, and populations only reproduce locally. |
| adaptive radiation | increased diversity of surviving groups after an exinction event |
| niche partitioning | competing species use environment or host differently, so they can coexist |
| indirect interactions | impact of one organism on another is mediated by a third |
| intraspecific | between individuals of the same species |
| interspecific | between individuals of different species |
| semiochemicals | behavior-modifying chemicals |
| pheremone | chemical substance that makes social response in the same species for mating, alarm, aggression, trail marking and castes |
| allomones | chemical made by a species that benefits the sender but not the receiver (plants produce repellent scents) |
| karimones | chemical made by a species and benefits another while harming itself (predator cuing prey pheremones) |
| synomone | chemical made by one species that benefits the sender and receiver (pollination) |
| tracheal system | insects are aerobic, system that is used for gas exchange and allows O2 to enter system, transports in, removes CO2 |
| spiracles | openings in exoskeleton to allow air to enter, helps H2O loss, connect to trachea to reach cells/tissues in body |
| circulatory system | system that moves hemolymph through the body via pumps (open system) |
| hemolymph | fluid equivalent of blood that makes direct contact with tissues and organs to circulate hormones, nutrients and waste and makes immune response (NOT O2) |
| encapsulation | immune response in insects used against parasites |
| digestion | system that digests nutrients in a one-way process. Made of foregut, midgut and hindgut |
| foregut | segment of body in charge of initial digestion and grinding of food. Very sclerotized |
| midgut | segment of abdomen in charge of digestion and absorption via enzymes |
| hindgut | segment of abdomen in charge of re-absorption of some nutrients and water, excretion, sclerotized |
| nervous system | system that takes sensory input to produce a behavioral output, not centralized, instead made of ganglia |
| ganglia | dense cluster of neurons |
| brain | one of the main ganglionic centers, made of 3 fused ganglion's for vision and olfactory info |
| supraesophical ganglion | one of the main ganglionic centers, innervates mouthparts |
| ventral nerve cord | one of the main ganglionic centers, thoracic ganglia (legs and wings) and abdominal ganglia |
| reproductive system | system in charge of making eggs, receiving/making sperm |
| ovaries | organ responsible for egg production |
| spermatheca | organ responsible for storing sperm until fertilization |
| accessory glands | organs responsible to make substance for fertilization |
| testes | organ responsible for sperm production |
| seminal vesicle | organ responsible for storing sperm |
| spermataphore | package of sperm passed to female in lower insects |
| endocrine system | system in charge of distributing hormones for mating, molting, diapause and metabolism |
| metamorphosis | transformation process from immature form to adult in distinct steps |
| incomplete metamorphosis | no pupa, immature stage resembles adult but without wings and reproductive organs |
| complete metamorphosis | type of metamorphosis that has a pupal stage, immature stage does not resemble adult |
| exoskeleton | external covering of the body, helps with structure, damage prevention, infection and water loss. contains chitin |
| molting | shedding of exoskeleton for new grown |
| ecdysis | process of molting between life stages |
| ecdysone | molting hormone made when sensory receptors detect exoskeleton is full |
| juvenile hormone | when present, insect molts to larval/nymph stages. When not present, insect becomes adult |
| proleg | small, fleshy substructure on abdomen of larval forms that looks like a leg, but is not actually a true leg |
| halteres | small, club-shaped organs on bodies of some flying insects that help with balance and flight |
| stylet | mandibles and maxillae evolve proboscis to make beak (Straw) |
| saltatorial legs | large legs built for leaping |
| tegmina | thickened front wings of an insect used for protection |
Created by:
SkylerG
Popular Life Science sets