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Psychology vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Empiricism | The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experiments |
| Structuralism | Early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind |
| Functionalism | Early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function |
| Experimental psychology | The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method |
| Behaviorism | The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes |
| Humanistic psychology | A historically significant perspective that emphasis the growth potential of healthy people |
| Cognitive neuroscience | The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language) |
| Psychology | The science of behavior and mental processes |
| Nature-Nurture issue | The long standing controversy that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors |
| Natural selection | The principle that among the range of inherited trait variations those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations |
| Levels of analysis | The differing complementary views from biological, psychological, and social cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon |
| Biopsychosocial approach | an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis |
| Cognitive psychology | the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
| Evolutionary psychology | the study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principles of natural selection |
| Psychodynamic psychology | a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people’s psychological disorders |
| Social-cultural psychology | the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking |
| Psychometrics | the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits |
| Basic research | pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
| Developmental psychology | a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span |
| Educational psychology | the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning |
| Personality psychology | the study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting |
| Social psychology | the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another |
| Applied research | scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
| Industrial-organizational psychology | the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces |
| Human factors psychology | an I/O psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use |
| Counseling psychology | a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being |
| Clinical psychology | a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders |
| Psychiatry | a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments |
| Positive psychology | the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive |
| Community psychology | a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups |
| Wilhelm Wundt | established the first psychology lab (1879) in Germany. |
| Edward Bradford Titchener | used introspection and introduced structuralism to Cornell |
| G. Stanley Hall | established the first American psychology lab (1883) |
| William James | promoted functionalism and wrote an important 1890 psychology text |
| Mary Calkins | first woman president of the American Psychological Association (APA) |
| Margaret Washburn | first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D |
| Sigmund Freud | famed personality theorist that championed psychodynamic theory |
| John B. Watson | championed science of behavior and demonstrated conditioned responses |
| B. F. Skinner | leading behaviorist that rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior |
| Carl Rogers | one of the first humanists who started out as a religious preacher |
| Ivan Pavlov | Russian who pioneered the study of learning |
| Jean Piaget | 20th Century’s most influential observer of children |
| Charles Darwin | argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies |
| Dorothea Dix | pioneered reforming the way we treat the physical causes of psychological disorders (more humane) |
Created by:
Flemjb
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