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PSYCH exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Discuss how gene-environment interactions are critical for expression of physical and psychological characteristics | they determine how a person's genetic predispositions interact with environmental factors to shape their observable traits and behaviors |
| identify the basic parts of a neuron | the cell body (soma), dendrites, and axon; the cell body houses the nucleus, dendrites receive signals from other neurons, and the axon transmits signals away from the cell body to other neurons. |
| Explain the basic principles of the theory of evolution by natural selection | proposed by Charles Darwin, states that organisms with advantageous traits within a population are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to their offspring |
| Describe how neurons communicate with each other | chemicals called neurotransmitters. An action potential moves down the axon and reaches the branches of the terminal buds, where the command to release neurotransmitters is conveyed. |
| Explain how drugs act as agonists or antagonists for a given neurotransmitter system | acts as an agonist when it binds to a neurotransmitter receptor and mimics the natural neurotransmitter, effectively activating the receptor and producing a similar response in the cell, |
| Describe the difference between the central and peripheral nervous systems | The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all the nerves that branch out from the CNS to reach the rest of the body |
| Explain the functions of the spinal cord | acts as a communication pathway between the brain and the rest of the body.responsible for carrying sensory information from the body to the brain |
| Identify the hemispheres and lobes of the brain | two hemispheres, the left and right, and each hemisphere contains four lobes: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. |
| Describe the types of techniques available to clinicians and researchers to image or scan the brain | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Computed Tomography (CT) scan, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan, Electroencephalography (EEG), Magnetoencephalography (MEG), and Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) |
| Identify the major glands of the endocrine system | the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pineal gland, hypothalamus, pancreas (specifically the islets of Langerhans), ovaries (in females), and testes (in males). |
| Parathyroid glands: | Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| Adrenal glands: | Epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine, cortisol, aldosterone |
| Pancreas: | insulin, glucagon |
| Ovaries (female gonads): | Estrogen, progesterone |
| Testes (male gonads): | gonads): testosterone |
Created by:
daynad
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