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Unit 7A

Cell Organelles

TermDefinition
unicellular describes an organism with only one cell
prokaryotic describes an organism with cells who do not have an enclosed nucleus
eukaryotic describes an organism with cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
nucleus a tiny part inside the cell that contains DNA and is responsible for controlling the cell processes
organelles the name given to all the tiny parts of the cell, each of which carries out a specific function for the cell
multicellular describes an organism with more than one cell
prokaryotic and eukaryotic two main types of cells
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living things. Chromosomes are made of it. It carries the genetic information.
cell membrane a biological membrane, also called the plasma membrane, that surrounds a cell and controls which substances can enter or leave
cell wall a stiff structure that surrounds and protects a cell; found in plant, fungus, and some bacteria cells, but not animal cells
chloroplast an organelle in plant and algae cells that converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy that the plant can use
cytoplasm the liquid that fills the inside of a living cell
homeostasis the ability of the internal systems of an organism to maintain normal balance, despite external conditions (stable)
mitochondria an organelle in eukaryotic cells that is the place for cellular respiration, generating most of the cells ATP (energy)
ribosomes small ball-shaped organelle in a cell that helps copy proteins
vacuoles temporary storage bubbles for the cell. They store food, water, or waste, and they may be very large in plants.
5 functions of life take in energy, move (respond to environment), grow (and reproduce), repair, remove waste
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