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Anatomy & Physiology
Lecture 1 Slides • Chapters 1 & 12 Book Questions • & Anaquest 1-2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the study of the structure of an organism? | Anatomy |
| What is the study of the function of a living organism and its parts? | Physiology |
| What type of anatomy is the anatomical study for diagnosis and treatment of disease? | Clinical OR Applied |
| What type of anatomy is involved in the description of individual parts of the body without reference to disease conditions, viewing the body as a composite of systems that function together. | Systematic Anatomy |
| The study that examines the structure and function of cells is known as... | Cytology |
| The study of the structure and function of bones is known as... | Osteology |
| The study that examines muscle, form, and function is known as... | Myology |
| The study of diseases of the nervous system is known as... | Neurology |
| The type of tissue that makes up the skin and mucous membrane is known as... | Epithelial Tissue |
| What type of tissue makes up the skin and mucous membrane? | Cartilage |
| Why is cartilage considered to be a particularly important type of connective tissue? | Because it's strong and elastic |
| Muscle is considered to be what type of tissue? | Contractile Tissue |
| What are the functions of ligaments? | 1. Binds organs together 2. Holds bones to bone or cartilage |
| What is a sheet-like membrane surrounding organs? | Fascia |
| What attaches muscle to bone or cartilage | Tendons |
| The point of attachment where the muscle has the least movement (relatively immobile) is termed the... | Origin |
| The point of attachment where the muscle is relatively mobile is termed the... | Insertion |
| Which system includes smooth, striated, and cardiac muscle of the body? | Muscular System |
| Which system includes the bones and cartilages that form the structure of the body? | Skeletal System |
| Which system includes the passageways and tissues involved in gas exchange with the environment; oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities, trachea and bronchial passageway, and lungs? | Respiratory System (Respiration) |
| Which system includes the esophagus, liver, intestines, and associated glands? | Digestive System |
| Which system includes the nerve tissue and structures of the central and peripheral nervous system? | Nervous System |
| Which system of speech provides the energy source for speech production? | Respiratory System |
| Which system of speech is involved in production of voiced sound and uses components of the respiratory system (the laryngeal structures)? | Phonatory System (Phonation - Laryngeal) |
| Which system of speech is the combination of structures used to alter the characteristics of the sounds of speech, including parts of the anatomically defined digestive and respiratory systems (e.g.,tongue,lips,teeth,softpalate)? | Articulatory System (Articulation - Supralaryngeal) |
| Which system of speech includes the nasal cavity and soft palate and portions of the anatomically defined respiratory and digestive systems? | Resonatory System (Resonance) |
| What orientation descriptor can describe deviting the body into splitting the body into upper (top) and lower (bottom) portions? | Transverse Plane |
| What orientation descriptor can describe vertically splitting the left and right side of a person? | Sagittal OR Median |
| What orientation descriptor can describe vertically splitting the body into front and back halves of a person? | Coronal OR Frontal |
| What orientation descriptor can describe the front surfaces' location of an erect body? | Anterior OR Ventral Aspect |
| What orientation descriptor can describe the back surfaces' location of an erect body? | Posterior OR Dorsal |
| What orientation descriptor can describe movement away from the midline of a person? | Abduct |
| What orientation descriptor can describe movement towards the midline of a person? | Adduct |
| What orientation descriptor can describe when something is positioned away from the midline of a person? | Distal |
| What orientation descriptor can describe movement away from the midline of a person? | Proximal |
| What orientation descriptor can describe when something is positioned closer to the Sagittal OR median plane? | Lateral |
| What orientation descriptor can describe when a something is positioned above the person, regardless of anatomical position? | Superior |
| What orientation descriptor can describe when a something is positioned below the person, regardless of anatomical position? | Inferior |
| What is the group of nervous system components that includes the cerebrum, brain stem, and spinal cord? | Central Nervous System |
| Which system includes cranial and spinal nevres? | Peripheral Nervous System |
| What Coordinated the motor act by integrating motor and sensory information? | Cerebellum |
| What contains the medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons? | Brain Stem |
| What mediates the sense of smell? | I Olfactory Nerve |
| What mediates the sense of taste for the anterior two-thirds of the tongue? | VII Facial Nerve |
| What is responsible for facial muscle movements? | VII Facial Nerve |
| What is responsible for muscle movement of mastication (chewing)? | V Trigeminal Nerve |
| What mediates the sense of taste for the posterior third of the tongue? | IX Glossopharyngeal Nerve |
| What innervates all the tongue muscles? | XII Hypoglossal Nerve |
| The study that microscopically analyses cells and tissue is known as... | Histology |
| The study that focusses on the joints uniting bones is known as... | Arthrology |
| The study that looks at blood vessels and the lymphatic system is known as... | Angiology |
| Agonist | |
| Antagonist | |
| Synergist | |
| Origin | |
| Insertion | |
| Speech Acoustics | |
| Speech Perception | |
| Cell | |
| Connective Tissue | |
| Muscular Tissue | |
| Nervous Tissue | |
| What are the types of elementary tissues, how many are there? | There are 4; 1. Epithelial Tissue 2. Connective Tissue 3. Muscular Tissue 4. Nervous Tissue |
| Organs | |
| Systems | |
| What does the simple epithelium tissues consist of? | 1. Squamous 2. Cuboidal 3. Columnar 4. Ciliated |
| What does the compound epithelium tissues consist of? | 1. Stratified 2. Transitional |
| What does the Basement Membrane consist of? | Collagen |
| The connective tissue that's strong and elastic is known as... | Areolar |
| The connective tissue that has fatty tissue is known as... | Adipose |
| White Fibrous | |
| Yellow Elastic | |
| The connective tissue that's located in the tonsils and adenoids is known as... | Lymphoid |
| What makes up cartilage tissue? | 1. Hyaline 2. Fibrocartilage 3. Yellow (elastic) |
| Blood | |
| The connective tissue that's the hardest of connective tissues is known as... | Bone |
| What types of bone are there? | Compact & Spongy |
| Compact Bone | |
| Spongy Bone | |
| Ligaments | |
| Bones | |
| Joints | |
| What types of joints are there? | 1. Fibrous 2. Cartilaginous 3. Synovial |
| Fibrous Joint | |
| Cartilaginous Joint | |
| Synovial Joint | |
| Muscles | |
| What is it called when a change in electrical potential that occurs when a cell membrane is stimulated adequately to permit ion exchange between the intra- and extracellular spaces? | Action Potential |
| What is the time during which the cell membrane cannot be stimulated to depolarize? | Absolute Refractory Period |
| What is the period during which the membrane may be stimulated to excitation again, but only with greater than typical stimulation? | Relative Refractory Period |
| What part of the axon myelin promote saltatory conduction? | Nodes of Ranvier |
| What substance is discharged into the synaptic cleft, stimulating the postsynaptic neuron? | Neurotransmitter |
| What type of myofilaments does the calcium from an activated muscle fiber release into? | Thick Myofilaments |
| Do slow twitch muscle fibers remain contracted longed than fast twitch fibers? | YES |
| Do fast twitch muscle fibers remain contracted longer than slow twitch fibers? | NO |
| What provides feedback to the neuromotor system about muscle length, tension, motion, and position? | Muscle Spindles |
| What area does higher cognitive processing generally occur in? | Association Areas |
| What area is involved in language function? | Temporo-Occipital-Parietal Association |
| What type of dysarthria arises from damage to the LMN | Flaccid Dysarthria |
| What type of dysarthria arises from UMN lesions? | Spastic Dysarthria |
| What type of dysarthria arises from damage to the inhibitory processes of the | Hyperkinetic Dysarthria |
| What type of dysarthria arises from cerebellar damage? | Ataxic Dysarthria |
| What part of the cerebrum appears to be involved in higher functioning related to motor output (such as inhibition of motor function and the ability to change motor responses)? | Prefrontal Area |
| What part of the cerebrum appears to be involved in language function | Temporal-Occipital-Parietal Association |
| What area integrates information related to affect, motivation, and emotion? | Limbic Association Area |
| What hemisphere in most individuals is dominant for language and speech, processes brief-duration stimuli, and performs detailed analysis? | Left Hemisphere |
| What hemisphere appears to process information in a more holistic fashion, preferring spatial and tonal information? | Right Hemsphere |
| Where could there be damage if one has an apparent receptive language deficit with relatively intact speech fluency? | Wernicke's Area |
Created by:
Cochisey
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