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Nat.Psy.Hist.App
Nat.Psy.History&Approaches
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) | developed first psych lab; Germany |
| Introspection | examine basic mental processes; record your reactions to simple stimuli (Wundt) |
| William James (1842-1910) | USA; wrote The Principles of Psychology; first Psych. textbook. |
| Functionalism | how mental processes function in our lives; William James |
| Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) | Gestalt psychologist; against dividing thought and behavior |
| Gestalt psychology | examines total experience; the whole is more than the sum of it’s parts |
| Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) | developed psychoanalytic theory: dream analysis, word association etc; theories criticized as unscientific and unverifiable. |
| Psychoanalytic Theory | described by Freud; based on unconscious mind: part of mind we don’t consciously control that determines thought and behavior. |
| John Watson (1878-19S8) | believed that to be a science, psychology must limit to observable behavior, not unconscious mind. |
| Behaviorists | look at only behavior and causes of behavior--stimuli (environmental events) and responses (physical reactions) not unconsciousness elements . |
| Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) | pioneering conditioning experiments on dogs; led to classical conditioning model of learning. |
| B. F. Skinner (1904-1991) | behaviorist; established and popularized operant conditioning |
| Behaviorism | dominant from the 1920s through the 1960s. |
| Humanist Perspective | led by Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) and Carl Rogers (1902-1987) etc, stressed individual choice and free will rather than past conditioning. |
| Psychoanalytic Perspective | belief that the unconscious mind--part of our mind that we do not consciously control -- influences our thoughts and actions: unconscious impulses/memories….dream analysis, word association. |
| Biopsychology (or neuroscience) Perspective | explain thought and behavior through biological processes: genes, hormones, neurotransmitters and the brain. |
| Evolutionary (Darwinian/Socio-biology) Perspective | natural selection; psychological traits advantageous for survival are passed down to next generation. |
| Behavioral Perspective | explains human thought and behavior through conditioning. Look only at observable behaviors and responses to specific behaviors. |
| Cognitive Perspective | explains how we interpret, process, and remember information. Believe rules we use to view the world influence how we think and behave. |
| Social-Cultural (or Sociocultural) Perspective | looks at how our thoughts and behaviors vary across cultures. Emphasizes influence of culture. |
Created by:
ninacn
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