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RAD100
Intro to the Radiology Externship Experience
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does angling the CR 25 degrees cephalic mean? | angle the XR beam 25 degrees toward the head |
| Anatomical Terms | caudal- towards to the tail proximal- closest to the trunk distal- farther from the trunk |
| Two Classifications of the Human Skeleton | Axial Skeleton: skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum Appendicular Skelton: Limbs and Girdles |
| Body Positions | Anatomical: Upright with arms abducted, palms forward, head facing forward Recumbent: Lying down in any position Trendelenburg: Head lower than the feet Prone: Lying on the anterior surface Supine: Lying on the posterior surface |
| Planes of the Body | Coronal- separates into anterior/posterior Midsagittal- separates into right and left Transverse- superior and inferior |
| Positioning Landmarks | CR alignment parallel to anatomical structures AP Projections: Face the xr tube with the back against the image receptor PA Projection: Face the receptor |
| Routine Positions for Upper Extremities | with the patient seated at the end of the radiographic table |
| kVp Adjustments | -Increase kVp by 3 to 4 for fiberglass casts -Increase kVp by 5 to 7 for small to medium dry plaster cast -Increase kVp by 8 to 10 for large or wet plaster cast |
| Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) | automatically terminates exposure once set amount of radiation mets image receptor |
| Grids | required for anatomy measuring greater than 10cm due to an increase of scatter radiation, absorbs scatter radiation to increase image contrast |
| Components of the X-ray System | 1. X-ray tube 2. High Voltage Generator 3. Operating Console |
| X-ray Tables and Support Systems | X-ray Tables: tilting or non-tilting Support systems: moving tabletop, receptor tray (table bucky), and controls X-ray Tube designs: floor mounted or ceiling mounted |
| How do you properly center the CR for Hand and Wrist Imaging | Wrist CR- placed perpendicular to mid-carpals for PA, Oblique, and Lateral Hand CR- placed perpendicular to third MCP joint for PA and Oblique/ placed perpendicular to second MCP joint for Lateral Fan |
| Body Movements | Pronation: moving palm face down Supination: moving palm to face up |
| Importance of Image Orientation | accurate visualization of anatomy |