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Human DV (1)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define development | Changes between conception and death. |
| Name three principles of development | 1.) It's gradual. 2.) It's predictable and orderly. 3.) People develop at their own rates. |
| What is normative age-graded influences? | What "normal" people do. Ex- Most people start school at age 5 and graduate at 18. |
| What is normative history graded influences? | Generational. Ex- Gen Z is defined by Covid 19 and Obama. |
| What are non-normative life events? | Happens to individuals. Ex- Winning the lottery or having three heart surgeries. |
| What are the three conceptions of age? | 1.) Biological- How close you are to death. 2.) Psychological- Capacities in relation to other people's, how flexible, continue to learn, motivated. 3.) Social age- What are you doing? Still working at 67? Connected with social roles individual adopts. |
| What are the data collection methods? | -Self Report: Cheap, could lie. Nurse Health Study. -Interviews -Observations -Questionnaires -Tests and Assessments -Physiological Measure: Heart beat, MRIs. |
| What is quantitative data? | Fact, generalized. Numeric, turns data into numbers. Random assignment. |
| What are descriptive statistics? | Summarizing and organizing data set, central tendency- mean, mode, and median, range, percentiles, quartiles, and standard deviation. |
| What does it mean to be correlational? | Number that indicates both the strength and direction of relationship between two events or numbers. -Is there a relationship? NOT cause and effect. |
| What is positive correlation? | Increase or decrease together. Ex- As heigh increases, so does weight. |
| What is negative correlation? | Increases in one factor related to decreases in the other. Ex- Increase in cost of cigarettes, decrease in the amount of people who smoke. |
| What is experimentation? | Random assignment of subjects to groups, one of which receives treatment and the other does not. Statistical significance. -Subjects, cause and effect. -Only change 1 variable. |
| What is random assignment? | Equal chance to be in each group. Reduces variability to show correlation as a result. |
| What is statistical significance? | Unlikely to happen by chance. |
| What is qualitative data? | Story behind the fact. Subjective, themes, observational, stories. -Not generalizable. -What's going on here? |
| What is a case study? | Quantitative or qualitative. Single focus (i.e. single school). |
| What is ethnography? | Social, material. Look at everything, like religion and other beliefs. |
| What is a natural experiment? | I.e. Twins separated at birth. |
| Define cross-sectional. | Data collected at one time and data from people of different ages, such as 5-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and 11-year-olds. |
| Define longitudinal. | Monitors same people over time and data are collected two or more time. -Over a long time. I.e. Framingham Heart Study. |
| Define casual comparative-quasi-experimental. | Research method used to simulate a certain situation without random assignment. |