Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CT/MRI S2 TEST 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| administration of contrast media into a vessel | intravenous/intravascular |
| administration of contrast orally or rectally into the GI system | gastrointestinal |
| injection of contrast into the intrathecal space surrounding the spinal cord | intrathecal |
| injection of contrast media into a joint space | intraarticular |
| *there has to be _ HU difference between tissues to be seen on a CT image | 10 |
| ct intravascular contrast increases _-_ HU | 40-75 |
| clearance in patients with normal renal function | 2 hours |
| the number of particles in solution per kilogram of water | osmolality |
| osmolality of blood | 290 |
| what is osmolality measured in | mOsm/kg |
| osmolality of conray | 1400 |
| osmolality of optiray | 502 |
| anything 1300 and above is considered | HOCM (extremely worried about reaction in teh patient and dehydration) |
| osmolality of visipaque | 290 |
| isomolar means | osmolality has the same as blood plasma |
| what controls homeostasis in the body | hypothalamus |
| the thickness or friction of a fluid as is flows | viscosity |
| what can change the viscosity of a fluid | heating/warming it up (it can be injected easier) |
| which has higher viscosity LOCM or HOCM | LOCM |
| whether an agent will separate in particles or not when dissolved in a solution | ionicity |
| composed of molecules that will disassociate into ions when in a solution | ionic contrast |
| type of contrast that will not dissociate | nonionic |
| what are some indications for contrast | gliomas, glioblastomas, astrocytomas, ependymomas, mengiomas, neuromas, trauma, infection.... |
| harm caused by chemical effects, dose, and speed of injection; true allergic reaction; will become more severe with another exposure | chemotoxic |
| resemble allergic reactions but produce no antibodies; not "true" allergic response; they are "allergic like" reactions | idiosyncratic |
| idiosyncratic reactions most often occur when | within an hour after administration |
| leakage of fluid from a vein into the surrounding tissues | contrast extravasation |
| what do you do if contrast extravasation happens | NOTIFY THE RADIOLOGIST |
| what size needle should be used to prevent extravasation | 18-20 G |
| where should you avoid when injecting contrast | hand, wrist, foot, ankle |
| patients with asthma have a _ x the risk of contrast reactions compared to those without asthma | 5-8 |
| people with hay fever have _ x increased risk of contrast reactions compared to those without hay fever or allergies to drugs or food | 2 |
| cessation of urine production | anuria |
| what does it mean to have known hypersensitivity | once a person has had a previous reaction even a very limited exposure can trigger a severe reaction |
| if individuals are allergic to seafood are they always allergic to iodine | NO |
| what is CIN | contrast induced nephropathy |
| who is at a higher risk for CIN | pts with diabetes, acute kidney injury, stage IV or V kidney function |
| t/f you do not need to screen for pregnancy when giving contrast | false; technically contrast will not affect the mother negatively, but they would still be getting radiation so you must screen |
| what affect does contrast have on patients with hyperthyroidism | can intensify thyroid toxosis |
| what are some ways to reduce contrast reactions | premedication, perform uncontrasted study, find alternative study, use low osmolar contrast media |
| positive contrast agents appear _ on an image | bright |
| negative contrast agents appear _ | dark |
| contraindications to giving barium sulfate | colon obstructions, colon perforation, tracheosophageal fistula, pyloric stenosis, hypersensivity to barium, aspiration |
| adverse reactions to barium | diarrhea, impaction, abdominal cramping, barium granuloma, barium appendicitis, perforation |
| oral iodinated contrast should be used when | question of bowel perforation |
| _ is a negative or neutral contrast agent | water |
| what is the ct wait time for intrathecal administration ** | 1-4 hours |
| if the patient has had to wait after having intrathecal contrast what should you do | roll the patient, and elevate the patients head 30 degrees |
| what are the most common places we used intraarticular contrast | hip, shoulder, wrist |
| for intraarticular contrast it is injected to better visualize what | soft tissues of the joint |
| most facilities require a serum creatine to be done every _ months if needed | 3 |
| routine scanning uses what phase | venous phase |
| HU units 10-30 is what phase | venous (nonequillibrium) |
| HU units 30 or more is what phase | arterial (blus) |
| HU units of less than 10 is what phase | equillibrium (delayed) |
| what should you give a patient that has a known allergy of contrast | benadryl, prednisone, medrol |
| what medication are we concerned about with diabetic pts | metformin |
| which contrast can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and flatulence | oral iodinated contrast |
| how long should a generally take for contrast to leave the body | 24 hours |
| T1 weighted contrast includes | gadolinium & hepatocyte-directed contrast agents |
| T2 weighted contrast includes | reticuloendothelial agents & iron oxide agents |
| what is the appearance of gadolinium on T1 ? T2? | T1 bright; T2 dark |
| describe gadolinium | a heavy metal, is not organ specific, clears from the body rapidly |
| what is the half-life of gadolinium | 1.25-1.6 hours |
| what is the standard dose for gadolinium | .1 cc/lb or 1 cc/10 lb |
| what is the max gadolinium a pt can get | 20 cc |
| what are the contraindications / precautions when administering gadolinium | sickle cell disease, renal failure, allergies, asthma, pregnant/lactating women, previous reactions to gado or iodinated contrast |
| what are the adverse reactions to gadolinium | headaches, dizziness, urticaria, injection site warmth/coldness, increase in bilirubin and blood iron, death |
| how long does gado elevated bilirubin and how long after having it should you wait to get the labs | 4-6 & wait 24-48 hours |
| what are the pros about using hepatocyte-directed contrast agents | they are organ specific, can detect smaller liver lesions, and detect metastases |
| what is gado retention | when it remains in the body for longer then the normal time |
| the number one used t1 contrast agent | gadolinium |
| t2 weighted contrast; reticuloenthdothelial agents apear | super paramagnetic agent kupffer cells (in liver) normal tissues appear dark abnormal tissues appear bright |
| can you inject retculentnothelial in a pressure injector | no; must be hand injected over a thrity minute time period |
| t2 iron oxide contrast agent | super-paramegnetic agent general name = feridx liver agent known to cause groin and back pain if pt cannot have iron DO NOT GIVE 20 min injection |
| feridex is taken up by | macrophages |
| why do you typically not do colon studies in MRI | peristalsis |
| clay minerals - kaopectate/kaolin does what | decreases t1 times or majorly decreases t2 times |
| iron (geritol) does what | decreases t1 times and t2 times very safe |
Created by:
macummins1
Popular Radiology sets