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Sexual Reproduction
Terms used when discussing sexual reproduction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Meiosis | A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores. |
| Zygote | A fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm). |
| Embryo | An unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development, in particular a human offspring during the period from approximately the second to the eighth week after fertilization (after which it is usually termed a fetus). |
| Differentiation | The process by which unspecialized cells develop into specialized cells with distinct functions/jobs. |
| Diploid | A cell or organism that has two complete sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent. A diploid cell contains 46 chromosomes = 2n |
| Haploid | A cell or organism that contains only one set of chromosomes. A haploid cell 23 chromosomes = n. Gametes (egg and sperm) are haloid cells |
| Gametes | Egg and sperm (sex cells) are gametes containing 23 chromosomes or half the regular number of chromosomes. |
| Fallopian tubes | A pair of tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus in the female reproductive system. Where fertilization takes place (egg and sperm fuse). |
| Ovary | One of a pair of female glands in which the eggs form and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone are made. |
| Ovulation | The process where a mature egg (ovum) is released from one of the ovaries into the fallopian tube. This typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle |
| Uterus | The uterus is where a fetus (unborn baby) develops and grows. Also called womb. |
| Cervix | The lower, narrow end of the uterus (womb) that connects the uterus to the vagina (birth canal). The cervix allows fluids, such as menstrual blood, to pass from the uterus into the vagina. |
| Testis | An oval-shaped gland in the scrotum that produces sperm and male hormones |
| Urethra | A duct that transmits urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body during urination and sperm during ejaculation. |
| Vas Deferens | A coiled tube that carries the sperm out of the testes. |
| Placenta | A temporary organ that connects a developing fetus to the mother's uterus and provides oxygen and nutrients to the baby through diffusion. |
Created by:
Glyn Chilton
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