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Rad Pro Ch.16
Pedlatric
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Croup | Viral infection; causes labored breathing and a harsh dry cough and sometimes a fever. |
| Epiglottitis | Bacterial infection of the epiglottis most common in children 2-5 years old; results from blockage of the airway caused by swelling. |
| Hayline Membrane Disease | Also known as respiratory distress syndrome; most common indication for chest radiographs and mostly found in premature newborns. |
| Meconium Aspiration Syndrome | During the birthing process the fetus under stress may pass some meconium stools into the amniotic fluid, which can be inhaled into the lungs. Can result in a lung to rupture. |
| DDH | Development dysplasia of the hip. |
| Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease | Disease leads to abnormal bone growth at the hip and is more common in boys. |
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta | Is a hereditary disorder in which the bones are abnormally soft and fragile. |
| Talipes Equinovarus (clubfoot | Is a congenital deformity of the foot that can be diagnosed prenatally. |
| UTI | Caused by bacteria, virus, fungi, or some sort of parasite. A common cause is vesicoureteral reflux. |
| NEC | Is inflammation of the inner lining on the intestine that is caused by injury or inflammation. Most common in premature newborns and may lead to tissue death of a portion of the intestine. |
| Pyloric stenosis | Is an overgrowth in the muscles of the pylorus causing narrowing or blockage at the pylorus or stomach outlet that occurs in infants, frequently resulting in repeated, forceful vomiting. |
| Wilms' tumor | Is a cancer of the kidneys of embryonal origin; most common in children under 5 and is the most common abdominal cancer in infants and children; typically only involves 1 kidney. |
| Radiation Protection | Minimal repeats/Gonadal protection. |
| Mummifying | Step 1: Prepare sheet Step 2: Place patient; immobilize right arm Step 3: Immobilize left arm; wrap body Step 4: Pull sheet tightly |
| Tam-Em Board | Used for recumbent chest, abdomen, and upper and lower limbs. |
| Parental Involvement | 1. Observer in room 2. Participant in procedure 3. Nonparticipant out of room |
| Child Abuse | Suspected Nonaccidental Trauma (SNAT) (Older term: battered child syndrome [BCS]). |
| Child Abuse Radiographic Signs | Corner fracture or Bucket fracture. |
| Less than 3 months | NPO 3 hrs before procedure. |
| 3 months - 5 years old | NPO 4 hrs before procedure. |
| Older than 5 years | NPO 6 hrs before procedure. |
| Dorsal & Lateral Decubitus | Horizontal beam CR: 1 inch (2.5 cm) above umbilicus. |
| AP Erect Abdomen | Infants and small children CR: 1 inch (2.5 cm) above umbilicus. |
| AP Abdomen (KUB) | Horizontal beam CR: 1 inch (2.5 cm) above umbilicus. |
| IVU Preparation | -No solid food 4 hours prior to exam -Encourage drinking of clear liquids |
| VCUG Patient Preparation | No special patient preparation needed. |
| Lower GI Preparation | Infant- 2 yrs: NO prep 2-10 yrs: Low-residue meal evening before Laxative (1 tablet) before bedtime & Possible Pedi-Fleet enema 10-Adult: Same prep |
| Equipment Single-Contrast BE | -Lubricating jelly -Hypoallergenic tape -Gloves -Washcloths and towels Neonates and infants: - #10 French silicone catheter - 60-mL syringe |
| Equipment Single-Contrast BE | Children over 1 year of age: -Disposable enema bag -Pediatric flexible enema tip -Do not use latex or inflatable balloon enema tips -Air-contrast enema kit with double line tip |
| Lower GI Procedure | 1. Clear explanation to parents and patient 2. Pre-exam - AP supine (KUB) 3. Fluoroscopy and spot films 4. Overhead projections, Supine or prone (AP or PA),Right and left decubitus with double contrast 5. Postevaluation film 6. Postprocedure instructions. |
| Small Bowel Follow-Through | - 20- to 30-minute intervals - PA or AP projections - Ileocecal region in 1 hour (average) - Postprocedure instructions |
| Upper GI Study: NB-1 year | 2-4 oz barium. |
| Upper GI Study: 1-3 years | 4-6 oz barium. |
| Upper GI Study 3-10 years | Upper GI Study 3-10 years |
| Upper GI Study Over 10 years | 12-16 oz barium. |
| Upper GI Study Room Preparation: | -Table horizontal -Sheet on table -Feeding bottle and nipple -Feeding catheter and syringe -Suction and oxygen -Immobilization devices |
| AP and Lateral Foot | CR: to midfoot Use tape to immobilize foot. |
| AP & Lateral Pelvis and Hips | -Determine use of gonadal shielding -R/O fx before attempting frog-leg -Bilateral hips |
| AP & Lateral Foot (Congenital Clubfoot)- KITE METHOD | -Presurgical assessment -No attempt to straighten foot -Two projections at 90° from each other |
| Lower Limb | -Include entire lower limb -Immobilize with tape or parental assistance -CR: to mid-limbs |
| Upper Limb | -Immobilization with sandbags -Parental assistance with gloves and apron |
| Erect Lateral Chest Position | -Pigg-O-Stat -CR to midthorax (mammillary line) -No rotation -Collimate carefully |
| Lateral Chest Position | -Immobilization aids or Tam-em board -CR: to mid-coronal plane at mammillary line -No rotation |
| Erect PA Chest | -Pigg-O-Stat -CR to midthorax (mammillary line) -No rotation |
| AP Chest—Recumbent (PA Erect When Possible) | -CR: to midthorax (mammillary nipple line) -No rotation -Collimate to chest margins |
| Diaphysis | Primary center of bone formation or ossification involving the mid shaft area of a long bone. |
| Epiphysis | The ends of long bones. |
| Metaphysis | Is the area where bone length occurs. |
| Epiphyseal Plate | Are found until skeletal growth is complete on full maturity, which normally occurs at about 25 years of age. |
| Forms of Immobilizing | Tape, sheets, towels, sandbags, stockinette, radiolucent sponge bocks, compression bands, and ace bandages. |
Created by:
sassyrad
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