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Rad Pro Ch.15
Trauma
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Asepsis | A state of sterility; condition in which living pathogens are absent. |
| Cardiac Pacemaker | An artificial regulator for cardiac rate and rhythm. |
| Cholecystectomy | Surgical removal of gallbladder. |
| Closed Reduction | Procedure in which bone fragments are reduced manually w/o surgical intervention. |
| Cystoscope | Lightened tubular endoscope used for examination of the urinary bladder. |
| Hip Pinning | Surgical procedure designed to reduce proximal femoral fractures through the use of various internal fixation devices. |
| Laminectomy | A surgical procedure performed to alleviate pain caused by neural impingement by removing an aspect of the lamina in the vertebral arc. |
| Laparoscopic | Use of a special endoscopic device to visualize and assist with surgical removal of the gallbladder. |
| Open Reduction | Reduction of fracture fragments through surgical intervention. |
| Operative (immediate) cholangiography | Radiographic procedure performed during surgery to visualize and locate undetected stones or obstructions within the binary ducts. |
| Prosthesis | Fabricated (artificial) substitute for a diseased or missing anatomic part. |
| Retrograde Urography | A nonfunctional examination of the urinary system during which contrast medium is introduced directly retrograde (backward against the flow) into the pelvicalyceal system via cauterization by a urologist during a minor surgical procedure. |
| Shower curtain | An isolation drape that separates the sterile field from the non sterile environment; often used to permit the use of C-arm fluoroscopy during a hip pinning procedure. |
| Mobile (Portable) X-Ray Equipment | 1. Battery powered. 2. Standard powered, capacitor-discharge. 3. C-arm digital mobile fluoroscopy systems. |
| Three Cardinal Principles of Radiation Protection | Time, distance, shielding. |
| Sprain | Forced wrenching or twisting of a joint, resulting in partial rupture or tearing of supporting ligaments. |
| Fracture (fx) | A break in the bone. |
| Contusion | A "bruise"-type injury without a fracture or break in the skin. |
| Apposition | Relationship of the long axes of fracture fragments. |
| Anatomic Apposition | Anatomic alignment of the ends of fractured bone fragments, where the ends of the fragments make end-to-end contact. |
| Angulation | Loss of alignment. |
| Apex angulation | Describes direction or angle of apex of fracture |
| Varus deformity | The distal fragments ends are angled toward the midline of the body and the apex is pointed away from the midline. |
| Valgus deformity | The distal fragment ends are angled away from the midline and the apex is pointed toward the midline. |
| Lack of apposition | The ends of fragments are aligned, but pulled apart and are not making contact with each other. |
| Bayonet apposition | The fracture fragments overlap and he shafts make contact, but not at the fracture ends. |
| Subluxation | A partial dislocation. |
| Dislocation | Displacement of a bone that is no longer in contact with its normal articulation. |
| Simple fracture | Bone does not break through skin (closed fracture). |
| Compound fracture | Bone protrudes through skin (an open fracture). |
| Incomplete fracture | Fracture does not traverse through entire bone. Examples: Torus fracture, Greenstick fracture, and Plastic fracture. |
| Torus fracture | The buckle of the cortex is characterized by localized expansion or torus of the cortex possibly with little or no displacement an no complete break in the cortex. |
| Greenstick fracture | x is on one side only. One side of the bone is broke and the other side is bent. |
| Plastic fracture | Incomplete fractures of tubular long bones and occur as a plastic response to longitudinal stress. |
| Transverse fracture | Fracture at a near right angle to the long axis of the bone. |
| Oblique fracture | Fracture passes through bone at an oblique angle. |
| Spiral fracture | The bone has been twisted apart and the fracture spirals around the long axis. |
| Segmental fracture | Double fracture in which two fracture lines isolate a distinct segment of bone; bone is broken into 3 pieces, the middle fractured at both ends. |
| Butterfly fracture | A comminuted fracture with 2 fragments on each side of the main, wedge-shapped separate fragment. |
| Splintered fracture | A comminuted fracture in which the bone is splintered into thin sharp fragments. |
| Complete fractures | Two pieces ex: Transverse fracture, Oblique fracture, and Spiral fracture. |
| Comminuted fractures | Two or more fragments ex: Segmental fracture (double-type fracture),Butterfly fracture (two fragments),and Splintered fracture (thin, sharp fragments) |
| Impacted fracture | One fragment driven into another (ends of bones). |
| Colles' fracture | Posterior displacement of distal radius. |
| Reverse Colles' fracture | Anterior displacement. |
| Monteggia's fracture | Proximal ulna along with dislocation of radial head. |
| Pott's fracture | Ankle fracture of distal fibula with frequent fracture of medial malleolus. |
| Stellate fracture | Fracture lines radiate from a center point of injury. |
| Tuft fracture | Comminuted fracture of distal phalanx. |
| Compression fracture | Vertebral body collapses or is crushed. |
| Closed reduction | -By manipulation, no surgery. -Minimum two projections. |
| Open reduction | -With surgery. -Minimum two projections. |
| C-arm fluoroscopy | Mobile fluoroscopy with both open and closed reductions. |
| Trauma Adaptation Positioning Principle 1: | Two projections, 90° from each other (often with no patient movement) |
| Trauma Adaptation Positioning Principle 2: | Initial long bone studies require that both joints be demonstrated for each projection. |
| Trauma Adaptation Positioning Principle 3: | Follow-up studies usually require only the joint nearest the injury. |
| Scrub | -Prepares and maintains sterile surgical field and instruments. -Gowns members of surgical team. |
| PACEMAKER INSERTION PROCEDURE | Generally performed in a hospital by a surgeon and/or a cardiologist. C-arm mobile fluoroscopy used to guide electrodes into right ventricle of heart Pulse generator and battery generally inserted into the chest wall. |
| TWO TYPES OF IMAGING EQUIPMENT IN SURGERY | C-arm & Mobile radiographic unit. |
| SURGICAL ATTIRE TECHNOLOGIST | -Scrubs, Shoe covers, Nonsterile gloves, Protective apron, Head cover, and Surgical mask. |
Created by:
sassyrad
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