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MCPHS - OTC Exam 3a
MCPHS OTC Exam 3 (1) Opthalmic Ch. 28
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Conjuntiva ? | Vascularized Continuous Membrane that covers the eye |
| Lacrimal Glands? | Lubricate the eye and eye lid (2) |
| Glands of Zeis? | Tiny gland at base of eye lash on upper eye-lid |
| Glands of Moll? | Base of lower eye lid eye-lash |
| Cornia? | Allows focusing of eye. No vasculiture. |
| Dry Eye? | Age/disease/medication related (antihistimines, diaretics, antidepressents, beta-blkrs) |
| Sx of Dry Eye? | Burn, Itch, Sand in eye feeling, eye-lid not moving freely (Chronic Sx - Refer to Optimologist) |
| Tx of Dry Eye? | (Non-Med) Ointments: Wht Petrolatum, Mineral Oil, Lanolin. Momentary Blurry vision, Preservatives may cause Irritation. Most Pt's not allergic to Preservatives. |
| Artificial Tears? | More Viscous than Tears, Stable film lub prevents evaporation (Hydroxypropyl -methylcellulose & -ethylcellulose, Polyvinyl alcohol - PVA, Povidone) |
| Preservatives in Artificial Tears? | BenzAlkoniumCloride (BAK), Benzethonium Cloride, Methyl- & Propyl- Parabens, EthyleneDiamineTetraacetic Acid (EDTA), Sodium Perborate & Purite |
| Which Preservatives are known as Disapearing ? | Sodium Perborate (CO2 & H2O) & Purite (NaCl & H2O) |
| Preservative Free Eye Lub Products? | Lacri-Lube, Accu-Tears, Refresh PM, Hypo Tears, Moisture Eyes PM. ( >BID o.k.) |
| BAK preservative can do what to eye? | Toxic Build Up, D/C after a few days or may lead to tissue necrosis, fibrosis: Dry Eye & Allergies! (Bad Product! Spite Popular Use by Manufactures) |
| Which preservatives are safest? | Chlorbutanol, Sodium Perborate, & Purite (No Side Effects! Very Safe!) |
| Which Preservative Contains Mercury? | Thimerosal (Pt. Sensitized after few wks may result in Blepharitis or Conjunctivitis) |
| Types of Conjuctivitis? | Allergic, Bacterial, Viral (Pink Eye), Chemosis (Server - Sunken Pupil) |
| Tx's for Allergic Conjuctivitis? | Topical Decongestants & Antihistamines (Non-Pharm: Cold Compress) |
| Topical Opthalmic Decongestants? | Naphzoline, Tetrahydrozoline, Oxymetazoline, & Phenylephrine |
| Low Side Effect Opthalmic Decongestants? | Naphzoline & Tetrahydrozoline |
| Ophthalmic AntiHistamines? | Pheniramine Maleate & Antazoline Phosphate |
| ADR to Op Decon's & AntiHist? | ReBound Congestions: Dry/Irritation/Burning |
| Causes of Bac Conjuctivitis? | Strep or Staph (Highly Contagious) Self-Limit 10-14 d |
| S & Sx of Bac Conjuctivitis? | Purulent, Min Itching, Some Lid Swelling |
| Tx of Bac Conjuctivitis? | Sulfacetamide & Erythromycin (Hygene Important) |
| S, Sx, Tx of Viral Conjuctivitis | Pink Color, Clear Discharge, Min. Itching, Lid Swelling. Self-Limit 1-3 wks, Top Op Decon., Artificial Tears, Steriods (Highly Contagious!) |
| S, Sx, Tx of Chemosis? | Severe Conjuctival Edema, Lid Swelling, Redness, Itching, & Irritation. Sunken Pupil. Caused by Allergy, Irritation, Rubbing. Tx: AntiHist, Decon., Cold Compress (Stop Rubbing!) |
| Hordeolum is also called? | Sty |
| Two types of Hordeolum "Sty"? | Internal (Meibomian Gland Inflammation) & External (Zeis & Moll Gland Inflammation) |
| S, Sx, Tx of Hordeolum (Sty)? | Tender Nodule, Lid Swelling, Pain. Tx: Hot Compress 3-4x's per day (5-10 min ea.) Ibu prn. Drains after 1 week. |
| What should you recomend when Pt is using Op AntiHist or Op Decon? | To remove Contact Lenses, or purchase "Safe for Contacts" |
| Is there a "real" Tx for Viral Conjuctivitis? | No, Not really. Just Tx for some Relief of Sx. (Steriods if Pt. has tried Decon or Op Tears...) |
| Is Pink Eye just Viral? | Many Pt.'s call just about every thing Pink Eye, but it is usually caused by excessive rubbing which is not really Pink Eye |
| Product sold for Sty (Hordeolum)? | "Sty" Wht. Petrolatum, which is not good Tx. for Sty. Better to take IBU & Hot Compress |
| S, Sx, Tx of Chalazion? | Server like Sty, Inflam., tender, meibomian gland, higher up, not on margin of lid, PAINLESS MASS. TX: Hot Compress Limiting: Few MONTHS |
| Foreign Substances in Eye? | Metal: go to Emergency RM. Eyecup (Collyrium), Dacriose or Eye Stream "Eye Washes" Don't Rub! Eye Cups lead to Infections |
| S, Sx, Tx of Blepharitis? | Chronic Inflammation of Eye Lid Margins. Staph or Seborrheic Dermatitis. Red, Scaly, Itchy, Swelling, Loss of Lashes. Tx: Hot Compress 10-15 min BID Follow w/LID SCRUB |
| Corneal Edema? | Cloudy Pupil, Blurred Vision, Abrasion, Irritation, Red, Chem Exposure, Contact Lense Issues, Post-Surgical. Tx: Refer to Opthalmologist (may recomend an OTC HyperOsmotic Drop - Nacl soln.) |
| Where should eye drops be kept in Summer? | In the Refrigerator |
| Astringents Products? | Zinc Sulfate Shrinks tissues to reduce Redness, but may make eye itchy (Visine Allergy Relief, Clear Eyes ACR, VasoClear A) |
| What does Original Visine Contain? | Tetrahydrozoline (Decongestant) |
| What is Opthal. Phenylephrine? | Decongestant |
| What is Op. Naphazoline? | Decongestant |
| What is Op. Pheniramine Maleate? | AntiHistomine |
| Which is strongest Op. Decon? | Tetrahydrozoline (1-4 x's day, NMT 72hr) |
| What is max for most Op. Decon/AntiHist? | 72 hrs Max (If Continuous) |
| What are Lid Wipes used for? | Blepharitis (Baby Shampoo may work just as well) |
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