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PSY 2 ch.1.1
1.1
| 1.1 Terms | 1.1 Definitions |
|---|---|
| Psychology | the science of behavior and mental processes |
| Psychophysics | the study of the relationships between features of physical stimuli, such as their intensity, and the sensations we experience in response to them |
| introspection | Inward focusing on mental experiences, such as sensation or feelings |
| structuralism | an approach that attempted to define the structure of the mind by breaking down mental experiences into their component parts |
| functionalism | the school of psychology that focuses on the adaptive functions of behavior |
| natural selection | the evolutionary process by which individuals of a species that are best adapted to their environments are the ones most likely to survive and pass along their traits to succeeding generations |
| stream of consciousness | the continuous flow of conscious thought |
| behaviorism | the school of psychology that holds that psychology should limit itself to the study of overt, observable behavior |
| Gestalt psychology | the school of psychology that studies the ways in which the brain organizes and structures our perceptions of the world |
| gestalt | a German word meaning "unitary form: or "pattern" |
| unconscious | In Freudian theory, the part of the mind that lies outside the range of ordinary awareness and that contains primitive drives or instincts and unacceptable urges, wishes or ideas |
| psychodynamic perspective | the view that behavior is influenced by the struggle between unconscious sexual or aggressive impulses and opposing forces that try to keep this threatening material out of consciousness |
| psychoanalysis | Freud's method of psychotherapy; it focuses on uncovering and working through the unconscious conflicts he believed were at the root of psychological problems |
| behavioral perspective | an approach to the study of psychology that focuses on the role of learning in explaining observable behavior |
| social-cognitive theory | a contemporary learning-based model that emphasizes the roles played by both cognitive factors and environmental or situational factors in determining behavior |
| behavior therapy | a form of therapy that involves the systematic application of the principles of learning. |
| humanistic psychology | the school of psychology that holds that free will and conscious choice are essential aspects of the human experience |
| humanistic perspective | an approach to the study of psychology that focuses on the relationships between biological processes and behavior |
| physiological perspective | an approach to the study of psychology that focuses on the relationships between biological processes and behavior |
| evolutionary psychology | a branch of psychology that focuses on the role of evolutionary processes in shaping behavior |
| cognitive perspective | an approach to the study of psychology that focuses on the processes by which we acquire knowledge |
| sociocultural perspective | an approach to the study of psychology that emphasizes the role of social and cultural influences on behavior |
| positive psychology | a contemporary movement within psychology that emphasizes the study of human virtues and assets, rather than weaknesses and defiicts |
Created by:
marisamaron
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