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RST 230 Exam 3
Study Guide Vocab & Questions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Visually impaired/Partially sighted people | Serious loss of vision that can NOT be corrected |
| Legally blind | Vision (even with glasses/contacts) is no better than 20/20. Max diameter of 20 degrees. |
| Acuity Vision level | Amount of detail an individual sees versus what normal vision sees |
| Visual Field | Entire area that can be seen at one time with fixed eye. |
| Ocular Dominance | Tendency to prefer visual input from one eye than the other. |
| Miles Test | Test that determines which eye is dominant. |
| Tunnel Vision | Loss of side vision and only leaving narrow and central field of vision. |
| Peripheral Vision | Seeing objects outside central field of view. Allows for awareness in surroundings. |
| Cataracts | Milky/cloudy lens that distorts rats of light and focus on the retina. |
| Cataracts Symptoms | Blurred/Double vision, poor night vision and need for bright lights when reading. |
| Cataracts Causes | Typically, in older adults that occurs from lack of oxygen and nutrients to the lens. Also, can be from external forces (ie. x-rays) |
| Glaucoma | Increased pressure within eyeball from liquid build-up. |
| Glaucoma Symptoms | Loss of peripheral vision, light/glare sensitivity, blurred/poor night vision. |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | Hemorrhaged blood vessels due to diabetes; most common blindness in US. |
| Diabetic Retinopathy Symptoms | Floating spots, vison loss, poor night/blurred vision. |
| Major causes of visual impairments | Aging, Disease, Accident and Congenital issues. |
| Sighted Guide Method | Blind RIGHT hand will grip your LEFT elbow. Keep arm close to body and half-step. Mention any curbs, doorways, steps, etc. |
| Hearing Impairment | All types of hearing loss ranging from mild to profound deafness. |
| Deafness | Unable to understand speech using ear/hearing aid. |
| Hard-of-hearing | Mild to moderate hearing loss. |
| Pre-Lingual | BEFORE language |
| Post-Lingual | AFTER language |
| Rh incompatibility | Condition that occurs during pregnancy from mismatched blood types that can lead to complications for the fetus. |
| Causes of Conductive hearing loss | Otosclerosis |
| Causes of Sensorineural hearing loss | Nerve deafness |
| Communicating with people with Hearing Impairments | Get attention, speak clearly (normal volume/rate) Be expressive, Prevent distractions. |
| Autism | Developmental disability that includes specific communication, social and behavioral impairments. |
| Autism common impairments: | Social skills, lack of social play/eye contact, tantrums. |
| Intellectual Disability | Developmental condition that limited intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. |
| Old classification of Intellectual Disability | Based off IQ ONLY |
| Mild MR | 50/55 – 70 |
| Moderate MR | 35/40 – 50/55 |
| Severe MR | 20/25 – 35/40 |
| Profound MR | Under 20/35 |
| New Classification of Intellectual Disability | Based off IQ, adaptive skills and time onset. |
| Organic causes of intellectual disability / mental retardation | KNOWN external causes/forces. |
| Organic causes of intellectual disability / mental retardation | NO medical cause, and NOT from external force |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | Most leading known cause in western world (0.2-2 cases/1000 births) |
| Down Syndrome | Genetic conditions caused by extra copy of chromosome (21) leaving to developmental delays and intellectual disability. |
| MR and Aging | Aging is often accelerated with increased risk of early-onsets physical and cognitive decline compared to general population. |
| Considerations for leisure/rec. for people with MR | Ensure inclusivity and accessibility, personalize activities with structured environments. |
| Atlantoaxial Instability | Greater than normal mobility of 2 upper cervical vertebra; much easier to break neck. |
| Epilepsy | Chronic medical condition that occurs from temporary change in electrical function of brain. |
| Epilepsy Symptoms | Cause seizures that effects awareness, movement, and sensation. |
| Causes of Epilepsy | Chemical imbalance |
| Generalized Seizures | Affects BOTH hemispheres of the brain |
| Grand Mal Seizure | Complete loss of consciousness. |
| Petit Mal Seizure | Absence and fixation |
| Partial Seizures | Affects ONE hemisphere of the brain. |
| Jacksonian Seizure | Shaking of a limb then moving to entire body. |
| Treatment of a grand mal seizure | TIME!! If longer than 5 minutes call 911. Ease to floor and turn to side. |
| Stroke | 3rd leading cause of death. Cerebrovascular incident or TBI that originates inside the brain (blood deprived) |
| Ischemic Cascade | Progress of stoke that decreases damage the quicker you stop (saves brain cells) |
| Transient Ischemic Attacks | Brief episodes of circulatory deficiency to cerebrum (brain does not receive enough blood flow) Onset of a BIG stroke! |
| Controllable Risk Factors of a Stroke | Blood Pressure |
| Uncontrollable Risk Factors of a Stroke | Age (65+ years), Personal history (men 42%, women 24%), Personal history diabetes, Race (AA highest, whites, latinos) |
| Ischemic Strokes | Caused by artery blockage (80%) that is mostly older adults. |
| Hemorrhagic Strokes | Caused by bleeding in the brain (20%) NOT age related! |
| Cerebral Thrombosis | Blood clot forms IN ARTERY. (50% of all strokes) |
| Cerebral Embolism | Blood clots travel TO BRAIN |
| Cerebral Hemorrhage | Blood vessel in brain burst and bleeds (aneurysm) |
| Symptoms of a Stroke | Weakness/Paralysis in one side of body, Sudden/Sharp dizziness, Trouble walking/Loss of balance, Dimness/Vision loss in one eye, Loss of ability to speak, Unknown severe headache. |
| Hemiplegia | Paralysis/severe weakness on one side of body (Left/Right) depending on side of brain affected. |
| Hemianopsia | Loss of vision in half of visional field in eye(s) caused by damaged to occipital lobe. |
| Receptive (Wernicke’s) Aphasia | Difficulty understanding spoken or written language. |
| Expressive (Broca’s) Aphasia | Difficulty speaking, writing, though comprehension in generally intact. |
| Psychosis | Manic-Depressive disorder, schizophrenia |
| Neurosis | Mild depression/anxiety, phobias, obsessive behavior |
| Mental Retardation | Developmental disability that affects development of one’s intellectual potential |
| Mental Illness | NOT developmental disability and does NOT impact one’s intellectual capacity. |
| Depression | 5-9 symptoms displayed within a 2-week period. Depressed mood or loss of interests |
| Bipolar (Manic) Disorder | Extreme mood swings from euphoria to severe depression. |
| Schizophrenia | Psychotic illness with abnormal emotions, hallucinations, impaired thinking, and behavior changes. |
| Thought disorders | Disorganized thinking/speech and cannot think/speak clearly. |
| Delusions | NOT real! |
| Paranoid | Someone is out to get you. |
| Broadcasting | Belief everyone can hear your thoughts |
| Hallucinations | Heard/Seen/Felt that aren’t there. |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | Excessive, unrealistic worry that lasts 6+ months and physical symptoms. |
| Panic Disorder | Severe attacks of panic and physical symptoms. |
| Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): | Extreme anxiety of being judged by others/behaving in a way that may cause embarrassment/ridicule. |
| Phobias | Intense fear of certain object or situation. |
| Separation Anxiety Disorder | Inappropriate/Excessive Display of fear/distress faced in separation from home or person/figure. |
| Reactive Attachment Disorder | Serious problems in emotional attachments to others and failure to form normal attachments to primary caregivers (early childhood) |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | Persistent, reoccurring thoughts that may lead to routines. |
| Body Dysmorphic Disorder | Unable to not think of minor imagined flaw in appearance causes distress and impacts ability to function in daily life. |
| PTSD | Follows an exposure to a traumatic event. |
| Eating Disorder | Life threatening illness where one has preoccupation with food and irrational fear of getting fat. |
| Bulimia | Excessive food intake with lack of control followed by induced vomit or laxative use. |
| Pica | Eating non-food substances |
| Orthorexia | Focused on eating healthy (obsessive) |
| ADHD | Inattention (bad with details and mistakes) and Hyperactive impulsivity (fidgety and impatient) |
| Intermittent Explosive Disorder | Extreme Expression of anger and uncontrollable rage. (High/Low Frequency & Low/High Intensity) |
| Oppositional defiant Disorder | Ongoing pattern of anger-guided disobedience, hostility and defiant behavior towards authority figures. |
| Conduct Disorder | Non/aggressive behaviors against people, animals, property that’s destructive, threatening, cruel and dishonest. |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | Pervasive pattern of disregard or violation of social norms and rights of others. History of crime/legal problems and anger. NOT social withdrawal! |
| Psychopathy | Partially antisocial with lack of remorse guilt or empathy with poor behavioral controls |
| Psychopathy Factor 1 | Personality Characteristics; superficial charm, lying, shallow, manipulative. |
| Psychopathy Factor 2 | External Behaviors; boredom, impulsive, irresponsible, antisocial behaviors. |
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder | Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy. |
| Borderline Personality Disorder | Pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-imagine, affects and marked impulsivity |
| BPD Diagnosis | Unstable relationships/self-image, impulsive, and controlling/manipulative |
| Histrionic Personality Disorder | Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking |
| Histrionic Personality Diagnosis | Need for center of attention, Shallow and very emotional, over the top and overshares. |
| Insomnia | Inability to fall/stay asleep |
| Narcolepsy | Brain’s inability to normally regulate sleep-wake cycles caused by disturbed sleep structure |
| Narcolepsy Symptoms | Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Muscle weakness, Sleep paralysis and Hallucinations. |
| Sleep Apnea | Abnormal pauses in breathing or abnormally low breathing during sleep. |
| Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder | Sleep timing is affected and unable to sleep/wake at times. |
Created by:
maggiemooz
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