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AP Psych Myers-3
AP Psychology Biological Basis of Behavior Part Two
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adaptation | An inherited characteristic that increases in a population because it provides a survival or reproductive advantage. |
| aggression | physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or harm someone. |
| behavior genetics | the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior. |
| Charles Darwin | renowned naturalist and thinker associated with the theory of evolution by natural selection |
| chromosomes | threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes |
| collectivism | sense of "we". priorities are given to a certain group. One's identity is defined accordingly |
| culture | the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. |
| DNA | (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. |
| environment | refers to every nongenetic, or external, influence on our traits and behaviors. |
| evolutionary psychology | the study of evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection. |
| fraternal twins | develop from two separate eggs fertilized by different sperm and therefore are no more genetically similar than ordinary siblings. |
| gender | the biologically and socially influenced characteristic by which people define male and female. |
| gender identity | one's personal sense of being male or female. |
| gender role | a culturally prescribed set of behaviors for males and females. |
| gender schema theory | children acquire a cultural concept of what it means to be female or male and adjust their behavior accordingly. |
| gender-typing | the acquisition of a traditional feminine or masculine gender role. |
| genes | the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; they are segments of the DNA molecules capable of synthesizing a protein. |
| genome | the complete instructions for making an organism - consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes |
| heritability | the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The ___________ of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied. |
| identical twins | develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two and therefore are genetically identical. |
| individualism | Giving priority to one's own goals over group and defining one's identity in terms of personal sttributes rather than group identification. |
| interaction | occurs when the effects of one factor (such as heredity) depends on another factor (such as environment). |
| memes | variations in ideas, fashions, and innovations passed from one person to another that cause rapid cultural mutations. |
| molecular genetics | the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes. |
| mutation | a process in which the genetic material of a person, a plant or an animal changes in structure when it is passed on to children, causing different phycical characteristics to develop. |
| natural selection | the principle that among the range of inherited trait variations - those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations. |
| norms | understood social prescriptions, or rules, for accepted and expected behavior. |
| nucleotides. | biochemical units that make up DNA and genes. |
| personal space | personal space-the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies. |
| role. | a culturally prescribed set of behaviors expected of those who occupy a particular social position. |
| social learning theory | people learn social behavior (such as gender roles) by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished. |
| temperament | a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity. |
| testosterone | the principal male sex hormone. During prenatal development, it stimulates the development of the external male sex organs. |
| X Chromosome | the sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two of these chromosomes; males have one. One of these chromosome from each parent produces a female child. |
| Y chromosome | the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child. |
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