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PSY FINAL 12/18
psychology final Tuesday December 18th
| Understanding psychology can provide useful insights into behavior T or F | True |
| T or F A goal of psychologist is to predict behavior using accumulated knowledge about the ways humans act in various situations | True |
| T or F Applied science is the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake | False |
| T or F John Locke established the first psychology laboratory | False |
| T or F The procedure of introspection led the way to the development and use of the scientific method in psychology | True |
| Which processes are normal physical activities? | Physiological |
| The use of experimental and mathematical techniques to formulate and test hypotheses is known as: | The scientific method |
| Which of the following is the end product of an experimental study? | Theory |
| Rather than applying psychological principles to studies of human behavior, a scientist engaged in basic science: | discovers those principles |
| In what way is psychology connected to the natural sciences? | It explores biological explanations for human behavior |
| The French philosopher Descartes proposed that: | The mind and the body are linked |
| Which of the following psychologist is associated with Gestalt psychology? | Wolfgang Kohler |
| Which of the following is credited with pioneering the psychoanalytic approach to psychology? | Sigmund Freud |
| The concept of conditioning is most closely associated with which approach to psychology: | Behaviorism |
| Humanism differs from behaviorism and psychoanalysis in that it: | Does not view humans as being controlled by external events or unconscious forces |
| Which of the following is a specialty of medicine? | Psychiatry |
| Which of the following is most likely to study consumer attitudes? | Social psychologist |
| An individual working in which field of psychology might study the effects of drugs or try to explain behavior on chemical activities in the nervous system: | Psychobiology |
| Specialist in this field study the interaction between physical and psychological health factors: | Health psychology |
| What is the world's largest society of psychologist and educators? | American Psychological Association |
| Lisa draws 10 names out of a bowl containing the names of all the students at her school to determine which students she will interview for a study on the schools computer usage. This is a example of: | Random sample |
| Which of the following is the most likely to have a negative correlation? | A person's ability as a driver and number of accidents |
| A research study examined the intellectual growth of 20 premature children over a period of 18 years. This is best described as: | A longitudinal study |
| In a study, what is a relatively small group out of the total population called? | Sample |
| What do the APA's ethical principles say about the use of deception in research? | Deception should be used only if no better alternative is available |
| Failing at something because one has no confidence one can succeed is an example of: | A self fulfilling prophecy |
| In the Milgram experiment: | Both the researchers and the learners knew that the shocks were not real (only the learners knew the the shocks were not real) |
| One method of avoiding self-fufilling prophecies is to: | Use a double blind study |
| What ethical concern did the Milgram experiment generate? | The "teachers" were led to believe something was true when it was not |
| The placebo effect occurs: | Subjects in the control group think the drug has caused a change in their physical state |
| Central tendency is a measure that tells something about: | The average score of participants given the same test |
| Which of the following uses rectangles to show frequency distribution? | Histogram |
| If you want to calculate the standard deviation for a set of data, you could begin by: | Calculating the variance |
| Inferential statistics are important because they: | Allow scientist to make generalizations about the population from which a sample was taken |
| The range of _____ must be between +1 and -1 | mode |
| Why do developmental psychologist study the issue of continuity versus discontinuity? | They want to learn how much of development occurs gradually and how much occurs as a series of clearly defined steps |
| Which of the following is a condition that a fetus could inherit? | Tay-Sachs disease |
| The rooting reflex allows an infant to: | Locate its mother nipple for milk |
| When James hear the word "chair: he automatically sees a picture of a chair in his brain; James understands: | symbols |
| How is a chimps use of language similar to that of a human? | Both the chimp and the human understand that a word, such as apple, is used to represent a specific object |
| Cognitive development: | involves the growth of thought processes that help children understand their world |
| What developmental process has taken place once a child realizes that dogs can vary in size? | Accommodation |
| According to Knrad Lorenz, baby ducks will treat you like their mother if you: | Make certain that you are the first thing they see that moves when they hatch |
| Lev Vygotsjy believed that children learn from working with others: he called this concept: | The zone of proximal development |
| To harry Harlow why did baby monkeys prefer a cloth surrogate mother over one that was made of wire? | The cloth monkey provided contact comfort |
| In what type of family are parents most likely to use strong disciplinary methods? | Authoritarian |
| What are two features of democratic families? | the parents establish limits and responded to the child with the warmth and support |
| Which of the following individuals emphasized the importance of social approval in human development? | Erik Erikson |
| A young adult is at stage 6 in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development What issue must this person resolve? | Intimacy versus isolation |
| If Jeremy is in stage 4 of Lawrence kohlberg's stages of moral development, what will be his main goal? | to obey established authority |
| How was Margaret mead's view of adolescence different from G. Stanley's halls view? | Mead thought adolescence could be an enjoyable time of life |
| Which of the following is the most important factor in determining a teen's developmental in adolescence? | how well adjusted the teen was in childhood |
| The United States? | has the highest rate of teen births of any developed nation |
| Teens who have a negative body image are more likely to experience: | depression |
| Georgina's mother was only 17 yo when she was born. As a result Georgina is: | more likely to become a teen parent herself |
| Which of the following is an ability that teens develop in Piaget's formal operations stage? | the ability to understand metaphors and analogies in literature |
| Erik Erikson theorized that: | the conflicts that individuals face during adolescence may arise many times during their lives |
| Paul told everyone that the other driver caused him to have a car accident, when in fact, the accident was paul's fault. Paul is engaging in: | rationalization |
| Albert Bandura's view is often referred to as the social learning theory of development because bandura believed that adolescents: | learn by interacting with others |
| Joan believes that moral laws apply to everyone and are more important than any written law. She is considered to be in which stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's model of moral development? | stage 6 |
| Which of the following best expresses the major internal struggle faced by young people? | they want to be on their own and yet worry about failing when they are out in the real world |
| Acts of juvenile delinquency, such as running away from home: | often stem from adolescents illusion of invulnerability |
| 16 year-old chaz is depressed. how is his behavior likely to differ from that of depressed adult? | the adult is more likely to be sad, whereas chaz is more likely to appear extremely angry |
| Publicizing teen suicides: | seems to encourage suicidal behavior |
| Some psychologist believe this might be a cause of anorexia Nervosa among adolescents | a desire to avoid growing up |
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KylieJenkins
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