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Science MidTerm
Science MidTerm 2024
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Law | A descriptive statement of equation that reliably predicts events under certain conditions |
| Technology | The application of science for practical purposes; the use of tools, machine, materials, & processes to meet human needs |
| Theory | A system of ideas that explains many related observations & is supported by a large body of evidence acquired through scientific investigation |
| Mass | A measure of the amount of matter in an object; a fundamental property of an object that is not affected by the forces that act on the object, such as the gravitational force |
| Volume | A measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space |
| Weight | A measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object; its value can change with the location of an object in the universe |
| Length | A measure of the straight-line distance between two points |
| Scientific Method | A series of steps followed to solve problems, including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, & stating conclusions |
| Precision | The exactness of a measurement |
| Accuracy | A description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured |
| Scientific Notation | A method of expressing a quantity as a number multiplied by 10 to the appropriate power |
| Significant Figures | A prescribed decimal place that determines the amount of round off to be done based of the precision of the measurement |
| Matter | Anything that has mass & takes up space |
| Element | A substance that cannot be separated or bokeh down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number |
| Atom | The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element |
| Compound | A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| Pure Substance | A sample of matter, either a single element or compound, that has definite chemical & physical properties |
| Mixture | A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
| Density | The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance; commonly expressed as grams per cubic centimeter for solids & liquids & grams per liter for gases |
| Physical Change | A change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties |
| Chemical Change | A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties |
| Energy | The capacity to do work |
| Evaporation | The change of state from a liquid to a gas |
| Condensation | The change of state from a gas to a liquid |
| Sublimation | The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas (term also applies to the reverse process sometimes) |
| Plasma | In physical science, a state of matter that consists of free-moving ions & electrons; a plasma’s properties differ from the properties of a solid, liquid, or gas |
| Electron | A subatomic particle that has a negative charge |
| Proton | A subatomic particle that has a positive charge & that is located in the nucleus of an atom; the number of protons in the nucleus is the atomic number, which determines the identity of an element |
| Neutron | A subatomic particle that has no change & that is located in the nucleus of an atom |
| Atomic Number | The number of portions in the nucleus of an atom; the atomic number is the same of all atoms on an element |
| Mass Number | The sum of the numbers of protons & neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Isotope | An atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element but has a different number of neutrons (same atomic number but different atomic mass) |
| Valence Electron | An electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom & that determines the atom’s chemical properties |
| Nucleus | A subatomic particle that has no change & that is located in the nucleus of an atom |
| Period | In chemistry, a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
| Group | A vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in a group share chemical properties |
| Ion | An atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons & has a negative or positive charge |
| Metal | An element that is shiny & conducts electricity & heat well |
| Nonmetal | An element that conducts heat & electricity poorly & that does not form positive ions in an electrolytic solution |
| Semiconductor | An element or compound that conducts electric current better than an insulator but not as well as a conductor |
| Alkali Metal | One of the elements of Group 1 of the periodic table (Li, Na, K,Rb, Cs, & Fr) |
| Alkaline Earth Metal | One of the elements of Group 2 of the periodic table (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, & Ra) |
| Noble Gas | One of the elements of Group 18 of the periodic table; they are unreactive (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, & Ra) |
| Transition Metal | One of the metals that can use the inner shell before using the outer shell to bond |
| Halogen | One of the elements of Group 17 of the periodic table; halogens combine with most metals to form salts (Fl, Cl, Br, I, At (Astatine), & Ts (Tennessine)) |
| Reactant | A substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction |
| Product | A substance that forms in a chemical reaction |
| Cation | A positive ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons |
| Anion | A negative ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons |
| Chemical Property | A characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change |
| Physical Property | A characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the substances that make up the material |
| Homogeneous Mixture | A mixture in which two or more substances are uniformly spread out and the different materials can not be easily distinguished |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | A mixture in which the different materials can easily be distinguished |
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