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unit 4 bio
cell communications and mitosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| paracrine signaling | releases signal molecule to cells in a near vicinity right to left ( |
| hormonal and endocrine signaling are | the same |
| plants use what to allow nutrients and signal molecules to flow between linked cells | plasmodesma |
| short distance signaling | paracrine signaling |
| animals use what to allow nutrients and signal molecules to flow between linked cells | gap junctions |
| what are ligands or local regulators | chemical messengers |
| what is an example of paracrine signaling | synaptic signaling |
| synapse | junction between 2 nerve cells |
| apotosis | programmed destruction |
| plant cells do not create proteins or have a cleavage furrow | during the process of cytokines |
| connects centro mere to spindle fiber | kinetochore |
| checkpoint that verifies spindle fibers are connected correctly | m checkpoint during metaphase |
| kinase | adds phosphate group |
| phosphatases | remove phosphate groups |
| synthesis | where chromatids replicate |
| gtpase | the hydrolysis of gtp to gdp |
| checkpoint verifys that dna is undamaged | g1 |
| 3 checkpoints | g1, g2, m |
| interphase is before or after mitosis | before |
| uncoiled stringy DNA | chromatin |
| how many pieces of CHROMATIN does each cell have | 46 |
| the result of mitosis is | 2 genetically identical daughter cells |
| phases of mitosis are | prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| prophase | chromatin condense and become visible and become chromosomes |
| each half of a chromosome is called a | sister chromatid and they are identical |
| what does the nucleus do during prophase | disengrates |
| what happens during metaphase | chromosomes line up single file down the middle of the cell |
| what happens in anaphase | sister chromatids split up and move towards opposite poles |
| what happens in the telophase | 2 diploid daughter cells |