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What are some of the main assumptions of SLT? (Not all are listed here)
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What is a model?
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SLT A-level
Social Learning Theory Revision
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are some of the main assumptions of SLT? (Not all are listed here) | Combines principles from behaviourism and CA/Concerned with human behaviour/Sees people as active manipulators of their environment rather than passive receivers/Observational learning can take place without reinforcement/Meditational processes |
| What is a model? | Someone who demonstrates (or 'models') the attitude or behaviour to be learned |
| What is a live model? | A model in everyday/real life (e.g a parent, teacher, or peer) |
| What is a symbolic model? | A model portrayed in the media (e.g a character or celebrity) |
| What is imitation? | Learning through observing and replicating a model's behaviour, which can be faster than conditioning |
| What is identification? | The extent to which an individual relates to a model, determining how likely they are to imitate the model |
| What is modelling? | Either observing and imitating the behaviour of a model (the observer) or demonstrating the behaviour to be learnt (the model) |
| What is vicarious reinforcement? | Learning through observing the consequences of another's actions and adjusting their subsequent behaviour accordingly (e.g a student receiving a detention for bad behaviour, the class is less likely to replicate that behaviour) |
| What are mediational processes? | The internal processes that take place in between 'Stimulus' and 'Response' that form mental representations of the behaviour displayed by the model. |
| Name the mediational processes. | Attention, Retention, Motor Reproduction, Motivation |
| What does 'attention' mean, as a mediational process in SLT? | A behaviour being observed, how attentive the observer is to the behaviour |
| What does 'retention' mean, as a mediational process in SLT? | Whether the observed behaviour is remembered by the observer |
| What does 'motor reproduction' mean, as a mediational process in SLT? | Whether the observed behaviour is physically possible to replicate |
| What does 'motivation' mean, as a mediational process in SLT? | The reason or drive to replicate/reproduce the observed behaviour |
| What were the procedures of the Bobo doll study (Bandura et al, 1961)? | Bandura et al carried out an experiment involving children observing adults interacting with a Bobo doll in either an aggressive or non-aggressive manner. The aggressive model displayed distinctive physically aggressive acts e.g hitting it & verbal abuse |
| What were the findings of the Bobo doll study (Bandura et al, 1961)? | Children who observed the aggressive models, when playing, reproduced a good deal of physically and verbally aggressive behaviour, resembling that of the model. The children who'd observed the non-aggressive model displayed virtually no aggression. |
| What did Bandura and Walter (1963) find in a follow-up study to the Bobo doll study? | Children who observed the model being rewarded for the aggressive behaviour were more likely to show high levels of aggression than those who'd observed the model being punished for the same behaviour. |
| What is the cycle of development of behaviour (according to learning through imitation)? | Behaviour is observed -> Behaviour is imitated -> Behaviour is reinforced -> Behaviour is repeated -> Behaviour is internalised |
| Is SLT applicable to real-life scenarios? | Yes - Akers (1998), the probability of someone committing criminal behaviour increases when exposed to models who commit criminal behaviour/Ulrich (2003), the strongest cause of violent behaviour in adolescence was association with delinquent peer groups |
| Is there anything to support the idea of similar models allowing for easier imitation/learning? | Yes - Fox and Bailenson (2009), using computer generated 'virtual' humans engaging in exercise or loitering. The models that looked similar to the participants made the participants exercise more or loiter more, depending on what it was doing. |
| What do Siegel and McCormick (2006) suggest as an alternate explanation to deviant attitudes in adolescence? | They suggest that young people who possess deviant attitudes and values (e.g low self-control) seek out peers with similar behaviours/views, as they are 'more fun' to be with - so deviance may be due to already existing deviant attitudes. |
| What issue does SLT have with exclusivity of influences? | There are many, many factors that could be affecting behaviour that SLT may neglect, so it becomes hard to show that one particular thing (social learning) is the main cause. |
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Amiieee
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