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chapter 12
problem solving and creativity
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gestalt approach | focuses on how people perceive and experience things as whole patterns or systems, rather than just individual parts |
| representation, | Problem solving depends on |
| restructuring | changing its representation |
| insight | sudden comprehension or realization that involves a reorganization of a person's mental representation |
| fixation | what you get stuck on |
| Insight problems | puzzles or challenges that require a sudden realization or "aha!" moment to solve |
| non-insight problems | puzzles or challenges that you solve through logical, step-by-step thinking |
| Functional fixedness | is the inability to perceive a new use for an obkect associated with a different purpose |
| mental set | a preconceived notion about how to approach a problme |
| Information-processing approach | describes problem solving as a search that occurs between the problem and its solution |
| Tower of Hanoi problem | classic puzzle that tests logical thinking and problem-solvin organizing and planning moves while following the rules to achieve the goal efficiently. |
| Means-end analysis | tries to reduce the difference between the intial and goal states by creating subgoals |
| Mutilated checkerboard problem | the puzzle teaches that sometimes solving problems is less about trial and error and more about understanding the logic or structure behind them |
| Analogical problem solving | is using the solution to a similar problem to guide the solution of a new problem |
| 3 steps | noticing, mapping, and applying |
| Radiation problem | also be solved more easily with analogical problem solving |
| fortress story | a problem-solving analogy often used in psychology experiments to study how people use analogies to solve problems. |